STAT 2112 Assignment 1A In today's world, there is a growing need for new and innovative drugs, vaccines, biologicals, diagnostics and gene therapeutics, particularly now that people are getting older and more and more microorganisms are becoming resistant to drugs, Jean-Jacques Berthoud Pharmaceutical Company (Berthoud Compagnie Pharmaceutique or Berthoud for short) began operations in a small lab at McGill University in 1998, primarily focusing on meeting the chemical needs of local researchers, The company became known for its strong chemistry expertise and expanded both its operational lab footprint as well as its customer base. By 2010, Berthoud had outgrown its operational space and moved to its current 100,000 square foot facility in Montreall The company provides drug discovery, development and manufacturing services to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in Canada The company is currently about to make an important strategic decision. It is becoming increasingly clear that in addition to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, cancer immunotherapy has grown into a new and very promising method of cancer treatment. Unlike other methods, immunotherapy focuses on using your body's own immune system to ght cancer. One factor is becoming more and more important over the last months. Recent statistics showed that the morbidity and mortality of COVlD-l9 is higher in elderly and male patients. Specically in cancer patients, those who are elderly and/or who have lung cancer, hematologic malignancy, advanced-stage disease, active solid tumor, or a diagnosis of solid tumor in the past 5 years, or who had oncological surgery performed in the last 30 days, are at highest risk of an unfavorable outcome However, statistical analysis also showed that namely in such cases irnmunotherapeutic drugs proved extremely efficient and can be literally life-saving There are challenges, however First, most of the immunotherapeutic drugs are very new and their side effects are not yet properly studied. Secondly, these medications are usually very expensive and so far are mostly not covered by OHIP and similar insurance plans, Fall 2021 STAT 2112 Assignment 1A by Prof. A. Gokhman Fall 2021 STAT 2112 Assignment 1A by Prof. A. Gokhman 3 Berthoud has a very strong research branch - the Lavoisier Medical Research Institute or However, some in the management think that the development and production of drug B entails Lavoisier Institut de Recherche Medicale (LIRM), where renowned scientists, including one too much risk and uncertainty, and it would be better to focus on drug A only. The company is Nobel Prize winner, work side by side with young and enthusiastic recent university graduates. considering hiring the Edinburgh Medical Research Company (EMRC) from UK to estimate The scientists from the LIRM came up with two revolutionary ideas responding to the challenges of immunotherapy. They started developing a medication (let us call it drug A as the true their chances with the development and financial success of drug B. EMRC experts will provide chemical name is very long) that is supposed to be at least as efficient as existing types of a favourable report (success is the most likely outcome of the drug B research) or an immunotherapeutic medications, but much less expensive and therefore available to most unfavourable report (the research for drug B will most likely end up in failure). Success means patients. Meanwhile, another group at the LIRM are working on drug B (let us call it this), which that the medication with expected properties is created and approved by Health Canada. It is will be expensive still, but is based on new principles and is expected to be extremely efficient known that there is a 90% chance that EMRC provides a favourable report given the positive with minimum side effects. Both research directions need a lot of funding, but they could outcome. There is also an 80% chance that EMRC provides an unfavourable repot given the generate a huge profit for Berthoud. Drug B would potentially become more profitable for the company than drug A, but drug A research has a higher likelihood of being completed within 1-2 negative outcome. EMRC specialists need six months to complete their analysis and request $10 years. At this point, the company has some financial difficulties and cannot fully support these million as they have to use expensive equipment and hire additional staff. Of course, the LIRM projects. Therefore, the company's research teams are going to apply to the famous company would like to get a report from EMRC before they make a decision and submit their Hirschmann Scientific Foundation, known to be very generous when it comes to anticancer proposal to Hirschmann Scientific Foundation. The company needs a qualified second opinion, research. According to the rules, however, the foundation will consider only one project, so the as at the moment opinions among management itself are sharply divided and votes are split. company is facing a dilemma: to go ahead with project A or project B if they want to apply for funding. Each project has an estimated cost of $60 million, and the foundation can cover half of it. The rest will be invested by the company. At this point the management think that they have an 85% chance to get support from Hirschmann Scientific Foundation if they submit the project A proposal and a 65% chance to get support from Hirschmann Scientific Foundation if they submit the project B proposal. If the company's proposal is rejected or not submitted for whatever reason, then Berthoud will continue to produce existing immunotherapeutic medications instead of developing new ones. Not necessarily, every promising idea ends up in success. If funding is received for drug A, then, realistically speaking, the detailed forecast would look like this: Outcomes for drug A research Probability Profit/Loss (S millions) Great success 0.20 600 Moderate success 0.10 200 Some success 0.30 50 Please perform an analysis of the problem facing the Jean-Jacques Berthoud Pharmaceutical No success 0.40 - 100 Company (Berthoud), and prepare a report that summarizes your findings and recommendations. Include the following items in your report: If funding is received for drug B, then the detailed forecast would not be readily available as the 1. A (simple) decision tree that shows the logical sequence of the decision problem given research will be based on the methods that have never been used before. Then the forecast would the EMRC research information is not available. look like this: 2. A recommendation regarding what Berthoud should do if the EMRC information is not Outcomes for drug B research Probability Profit/Loss ($ millions) available. Success 0.25 900 3. A decision strategy that Berthoud should follow if the research is conducted based on the Failure 0.75 - 250 posterior probabilities and a revised decision tree. 4. A recommendation as to whether Berthoud should employ EMRC, along with the If the company is denied financial support or prefers not to apply, then it will continue to detailed decision policy, the value of the information provided by the research firm produce the existing types of medications with a guaranteed profit of $50 million. Profits/losses the efficiency of this information listed above do not incorporate the supposed $30 million investment by the company in the Use Excel TreePlan to construct both decision trees. Include the details of your analysis research. The cost of preparing the proposal for Hirschmann Scientific Foundation is $1 million. well as the TreePlan output as an appendix to your report. Submit your report as a PDF