State research questions for the following Research Scenarios (see separate document). (1 point each) 27. 30. 31 101 102. 103. 105.

1. Identify the variable types (for both variables) 2. Specify the number of groups (or NA if not applicable) 3. Select the appropriate statistical test State the Variable names 1 and 2, Variable types (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval), and # of Groups, also Statistical Procedure for research situation from 27-105. Research Situation 27 Research Situation 30 Research Situation 31 Research Situation 101 Research Situation 102 Research Situation 103 Research Situation 105

Research Situation 26 In a study of the relationship between mental and physical health, a random sample of 15 subjects was questioned regarding their symptoms of depression (for example, insomnia, lack of concentration, suicidal thoughts) and given a physical examination to uncover any symptoms of physical illness (for example, high blood pressure, erratic EKG, high choles- terol). All subjects were then scored on a checklist of depression from 0 to 5, depending on how many symptoms of depression they exhibited, and scored on a checklist of physical illness from 1 to 10, indicating how they had fared on the physical exam (higher scores indicate worse health). The following results were obtained: Subject Depression Physical Illness CAUARGUI-AXHEZ 0 2 on-mo-nnot- 3 0 2 monmnnanno 3 3 Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine the degree of association between depression and physical illness? Research Situation 27 To investigate whether race has an influence on religiosity, a group of researchers surveyed a random sample of people on a range of questions, including how often they attend religious services and how often they pray. After collecting the data, the researchers used the responses to create a religiosity scale ranging from 1 to 7, with 7 being the most religious. After using this scale to rate respondents in terms of their religiosity, the following results were obtained: Black White Hispanic 3 5 1 5 2 6 7 3 2

Research Situation 30 In a study of the relationship between seasons and depression, a Canadian researcher col- lects data about the number of suicides (both completed and attempted) that have occurred in his city throughout the past year, as well as the average number of daylight hours during the weeks in which the suicides occurred. The following results were obtained: Hours of Daylight Number of Suicides 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 ll 10 9 6 =0. 13 12 15 18 24 35 Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine the degree of association between hours of daylight and number of suicides? Research Situation 31 For years, women's rights groups have urged for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which would officially give women the same rights as men under the U.S. Constitution. However, this amendment has yet to be ratified by all 50 states. To find out if there is a relationship between a state legislator's gender and whether he or she sup- ports the passage of the ERA, a random sample of 84 state legislators was surveyed and the following results were obtained: Among 35 female legislators, 27 supported the ERA and 8 did not; and among 50 male legislators, 17 supported the ERA and 33 did not. Which statistical procedure would you apply to study the degree of association between legislator's gender and support for the ERA?

464 Part V Applying Statistics Black White 4 Hispanic 6 5 7 Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine whether there are signifi- cant differences among these groups of respondents with respect to their religiosity? Research Situation 28 A political science graduate student wondered how much the first presidential debate could influence people's choice of candidates in the 2008 election. She selected a random group of voters, and before the first debate she asked them to rate on a scale from 1 to 9 who they intended to vote for in the election (1 = definitely McCain, 5 = undecided, and 9 = definitely Obama). The sampled voters were then asked the same question again after they had viewed the debate. The following results were obtained: Voter X, (Before First Debate) X, (After First Debate) 2 9 9 Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine whether there is a statisti- cally significant difference in voters' choice of candidates before and after the first presi- dential debate?

101. A college advisor has the following information on her students' academic achievements hemale Dean's List Not on Dean's List 29 Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in making the dean's list between men and women? 102. Researchers surveyed a random sample of people and asked them how often they participated in various civic activities such as voting, writing letters to newspapers or legislators, or participating in demonstrations. Based on the survey responses, each person was assigned a civic engagement score from 1 to 7, with 7 being most active. The respondents were then categorized according to race, either White, Black, or Hispanic. Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine whether there are significant differences between racial with respect to level of civic engagement: 103. Based on grade point average, college students are categorized into three groups: high academic achievement, average academic achievement, or low academic achievement. The students are then surveyed to determine whether or not they regularly drink alcohol. Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine the degree of association between alcohol use and academic achievement 104. Middle school students took physical fitness tests at the beginning of the school year and were scored on a scale of 1 to 10. At the end of the semester, after participating in physical education classes the tests were repeated. Which statistical procedure would you apply to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in students' physical fitness at the beginning and end of the semester? 105. A researcher surveyed 500 people and asked a variety of questions inclyding how pften thes attnded elrgious sex\ices (Naper, Rardly. Sometimes, Oftn) and how important family is to them (Not Importnt, Somewhat Iraportant, Very Important). Whick statistical proedure would ypu apply to determine the degree of assoctation betwedn how often people attend religious services and how important family is?