Question

a. What degrees of freedom are associated with the test of between group differences?

b. Provide the critical F value for this scenario.

c. Based on the presented results, what conclusions should be drawn? You should respond
as if you were writing this for the Results section of a paper. Be sure to consider the
overall test of significance as well as the post hoc tests (i.e., which pairs of means are
significantly different from one another).

Steele and Pinto (2006) examined whether people's level of trust in their direct supervisor was related to their level of agreement with a policy supported by that leader. They found that the extent to which subordinates agreed with their supervisor was related to trust and showed no relation to gender, age, time on the job or length of time working with the supervisor. Let's assume we used a scale that sorted employees into three groups with 4 individuals in each group: low trust, moderate trust, and high trust in supervisors. Presented is fictional data regarding level of agreement with a leader's decision for those three groups. The means are displayed below. Note that each group is identified by the bold group variable in the output below. Group 1 -- Employees with low trust in their leader 2- Employees with moderate trust in their leader 3 -- Employees with high trust in their leader Analysis of Variance Table Response: x Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F) 2 511.17 255.583 5.998 0.0221 * Mean 21.67 23.25 28.75 SD 9.0 8.7 6.0 group Residuals 9 383.50 42.611 Signif. codes: @*** 0.001** 0.01 0.05 0.11 n 4 4 4