Study Guide Heart and Cardiovascular Function After reading and studying this chapter, the successful student should be able to: 1. Describe the size, shape, location, and orientation of the heart in the thoracic cavity. 2. Describe the pericardium, layers of the heart wall and describe the orientation of the superficial and deep layers of the heart muscle. 3. Name each chamber of the heart and the type of myocardium of which each is made. 4. Name the major vessels supplying the right versus left side of the heart and the type of blood each is transporting 5. Name the 4 heart valves, and describe their location, function, and mechanism of operation. 6. Be able to trace the flow of blood through the pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation 7. Explain the events of the cardiac cycle including atrial and ventricular systole and diastole, and relate the heart sounds to these events. 8. Name and describe the components and functions of the intrinsic and extrinsic cardiac conduction systems. 9. Explain the mechanisms the body uses to control cardiac output 10. Describe the factors affecting heart rate and the factors affecting stroke volume. 11. Explain how adjustments in stroke volume and cardiac output are coordinated at different levels of activity. 12.Name the waves of an EKG and describe what each wave represents. 13. Describe the factors affecting blood flow, total peripheral resistance, blood velocity, and blood pressure. 14. Describe the autoregulation and central regulation mechanisms used by the body to control blood flow & blood pressure 15. Discuss the various hormones that raise and lower blood pressure and blood flow. 16. Describe the two pump mechanisms that aid in venous return. 17. Discuss the pressures involved with capillary exchange, what produces each pressure, and which one favors filtration 18. Define net fitration pressure.