Sturdley Corporation has 20,000 shares of $100 par value, 7% cumulative preferred stock outstanding and 100,000 of its $1 par value common stock outstanding. In their first four years of operation they paid the following cash dividends:

2016 -0-

2017 $240,000

2018 $280,000

2019 $180,000

Determine the total cash dividends paid during the four years with preferred stock as cumulative and then calculate it again with the preferred stock as non-cumulative.