Subject: E'nergy and Comp'uting

The current proble, in the oil and gas industry

The oil and gas industry has alwa'ys faced enor'mous and varied risks conc'erning safety, politi'cs, regu'lations, fluct'uating mar'kets, and ph'ysically cha'llenging envir'onments, to call some. In cur'rent days howe'ver, the challenge is more extre'me than ever.

The price def'lation and buoyant of the past five years have ush'ered in a new normal, chara'cterized by warin'ess. To unlock value, com'panies are focu'sing on effici'ency, a goal that depe'nds on highly skilled indiv'iduals. Mean'while, the industry is going through a crew change, with large numbers of experienced employees leaving. As a result, the stress for the dwindling ranks of experienced per;sonnel is esc'alating, and firms are struggling to leve'rage their expertise.

Moreover, the flow of opera'tional change across the indu'stry has drastically acc'elerated. Unlike the past, when upstream assets were vie'wed through a time horizon of 10, 20 or m'aybe 30 years, shale tech'nology has compr'essed the work time to months or per'haps weeks. Now co'mpression necessitates sol'utions that need people to not trip to remote

Not only that, In industry, AR and VR are utilized in a large sort of settings, including training, maint'enance, and plann'ing. W'ithin the oil and gas industry, AR heads'ets that clip onto hard hats can project hands-free inst'ructions a tec'hnician needs onto equip'ment to conduct an insp'ection or maintain a s'ystem. Precise AR anim'ations dramatically boost effici'ency and red'uce errors and uncer'tainty by sho'wing the req'uired steps, tools, and parts. They'll also provide chec'klists and sensor data and may visu'ally demon'strate which parts to regulate, re'move or r'eplace. rather than being addi'cted to man'uals, AR enables this infor'mation to be del'ivered graphically, w'here and when it's needed. AR also can help techn'icians plan changes they will make to equip'ment. Faced with the challenge of putting in a ca'ble during a com'plex enviro'nment on a ship, one co'mpany used AR to assist mec'hanics visu'alize exactly where the cable would want to travel and the way it'd have to be fastened. This provided a transparent idea of the cha'llenges they might face. AR headsets with two-way com'munications may enable rem'otely loc'ated experts to spe'ak with general sup'port tech'nicians and virtually look over their shoulders, in real-time high-defi'nition video. The identical techn'ology can record procedu'res for inter'nal control and fu'ture use. Other AR apps can show what goes on within a bit of apparatus, letting technicians better understand a way to adjust it. Together, these capa'bilities help companies deal with the shortage of exp'erienced personnel and reduce the requir'ement to move such perso'nnel to foreign places. within the event of an emerge'ncy, an AR syst'em can dram'atically ex'pedite the team's ability to spot and addr'ess the under'lying cause. A very imp'ortant applic'ation for VR in oil and gas is in trai'ning. rather than stud'ying theory in a very classr'oom or tran'sporting people to remote locales, tra'inees can use a VR hea'dset to enter an envir'onment or int'eract with a bit of appa'ratus virtually. As in gaming app'lications, the experience is entirely immersive: When traine'es on a virt'ual rig turns their hea'ds to the side, they see what they'd see on a real-world rig. Given the complexity of refineries, drilling platf'orms, and processing plants, the chance to exp'erience life-like training before entering these enviro'nments is inva'luable, and corpo'rations eco'nomize that they might other'wise spend flying trainees to sites. VR apps con'nected to sens'ors enable eng'ineers to obs'erve gene'rators, pu'mps, com'pressors and shale sh'akers in real time, while not having to be on-site. This pro'vides faster, more accurate diagnostics at a fraction of the value. Geoscientists also are using VR to visualise seismic data, and even to drill vir'tually, in order that they'll better deter'mine where to explore. What being a huge pr'oblem is this ind'ustry wo'uld be the cost of this tech'nology.

What is the impact of the identified problem to the selected industry/parties affected by this problem

In oil and gas industry, AR and VR are used in a wide variety of settings, including training, maintenance, and planning. In the oil and gas industry, AR headsets that clip onto hard hats can project hands-free instructions a technician needs onto equipment to conduct an inspection or maintain a system. Precise AR animations dramatically boost efficiency and reduce errors and uncertainty by showing the necessary steps, tools, and parts. They can also provide checklists and sensor data and can visually demonstrate which parts to adjust, remove or replace. Instead of being dependent on manuals, AR enables this information to be delivered graphically, where and when it is needed. AR can also help technicians plan changes they intend to make to equipment. Faced with the challenge of installing a cable in a complex environment on a ship, one company used AR to help mechanics visualize exactly where the cable would need to go and how it would need to be fastened. This provided a clear idea of the challenges they would face. AR headsets with two-way communications can also enable remotely located experts to communicate with general support technicians and virtually look over their shoulders, in real-time high-definition video. The same technology can record procedures for quality control and future use. Other AR apps can show what goes on within a piece of equipment, letting technicians better understand how to adjust it. Together, these capabilities help companies cope with the shortage of experienced personnel and reduce the need to transport such personnel to remote places. In the event of an emergency, an AR system can dramatically expedite the team's ability to identify and address the underlying cause. A critical application for VR in oil and gas is in training. Instead of studying theory in a classroom or transporting people to remote locales, trainees can use a VR headset to enter an environment or interact with a piece of equipment virtually. As in gaming applications, the experience is entirely immersive: When trainees on a virtual rig turns their heads to the side, they see what they would see on a real-world rig. Given the complexity of refineries, drilling platforms, and processing plants, the opportunity to experience life-like training before entering these environments is invaluable, and companies save money that they would otherwise spend flying trainees to sites. VR apps connected to sensors enable engineers to monitor generators, pumps, compressors and shale shakers in real time, without needing to be on-site. This provides faster, more accurate diagnostics at a fraction of the cost. Geoscientists are also using VR to visualize seismic data, and even to drill virtually, so that they can better determine where to explore.First,industrial AR/VRworks best atop large quantities of data, which typically comes from sensors. Those sensors have long been commonplace in the industry, whether in wells, refineries or elsewhere. Because of the ubiquity of these sensors,a huge amount of data is available to be leveraged with AR/VR. The second reason relates to how that data is stored. Previously it tended to be stored in a proprietary format that made it difficult to exploit for ancillary purposes. That is now changing. Producers are increasingly integrating their data-centric information technology systems with the operations technology systems they use to monitor and control processes and devices.Because of this IT/OT integration, data is more accessible than it was in the past, facilitating the use of AR/VR, for upstream and downstream applications. The third reason is the rise of digital transformation in the industry, andthe shift to a mindset of looking at things from a customer perspective,whether that "customer" is a drilling engineer at a well site, a maintenance engineer in a refinery, or a customer in a retail store. Before, the mindset was to design things according to efficiency, without really stepping into the customer's shoes. AR/VR can, therefore, help managers understand how these customers interact with the machines or the store. Using a design-led perspective, companies can then simplify, streamline or otherwise improve processes to deliver a better experience. As with the internet and mobile revolutions, consumers and particularly online gamers lead the field in embracing AR/VR. Yet, these applications have begun to gain traction in numerous industries, including manufacturing, aerospace, retail, real estate, education, sports and healthcare. The oil and gas industry is not yet using AR/VR as aggressively as other sectors. Companies are starting to see success with AR/VR in refineries, especially in maintenance and inspections. Companies are also beginning to see benefits downstream in retail, using AR/VR to understand their stores in a more detailed and intuitive manner.

The Current solution

The need of oil and gas industries to apply training and retraining programs for personnel for permanent work in the Arctic using digital technologies, namely VR / AR technologies. The geopolitical features of the Arctic zone, difficult climatic conditions do not allow directly practicing the development of professional competencies and, therefore, require the introduction of a multi-stage system of personnel training using technologies of approximate reality. Such requirements for the personnel training system predetermine the need to search for relevant digital technologies that can create conditions that are as close as possible to the conditions of professional activity in hard-to-reach Arctic regions. When forming a personnel training / retraining system for oil and gas enterprises, in addition to the specified specific working conditions, it is also necessary to take into account the sectoral features of oil and gas enterprises, which also forms a number of functional requirements for the selection of relevant digital tools, the main of which for personnel training can be considered immersive technologies. Based on the above, the paper analyse the use of immersive technologies by oil and gas enterprises, a comparative analysis of the directions of using immersive technologies in personnel training at oil and gas enterprises, identifies the positive and negative aspects of using VR / MR technologies.

Visualization of the VRH #+ + H+ digital twin" to simulate a real AR environment Preliminary design VR concept entirely + created in VR Remote interaction VRH+ + + ++ + between different + locations in order to AR view the same design data and resolve conflict situations Virtual inspection of VRH+ + + the production site Conducting training IVR activities on labor protection in order to develop skills to prevent emergency situations Introducing new VR H+ H+ employees to thebehavior in extreme situations and liquidation of accidents Conducting training for employees in order to master new digital and other competencies Conducting training AR+ - + for employees in order to master new digital and other competencies Overlay real-time AR + + H+ data on real machine parts Comparison of + + physical and virtual hardware versions View help videos and AR + + ++ + I+ + digital tutorials. + Visualization of historical maintenance records and presentation of task recommendations Visualization of the AR H+ infrastructure project from different perspectives Visualization of specific components and functions beyond the physical boundaries of the equipmentspecifics of production maximum immersion in a realistic environment) Organization of VR + + + + training events for + + + + students of specialized universities to undergo practical training, regardless of geography Conventions used in the table: +++ - High level of benefit ++ - Medium advantage + - Low level of advantage, but sufficient for practical useTable 1. Directions of using immersive technologies in training personnel at oil and gas enterprises Directions of use immersive Complexity of operations Saving Decline Improving efficiency Technology CHIDKeHHe 3aTpaT Increased security Productivity increase technologies Trainings on VR + + #+ H+ assembly / disassembly, repair and maintenance of equipment Trainings for VR + #+ + H+ ++ H+ + + practicing measures to prevent terrorist threats at the enterprise, on