Subject: Newton's Laws and the Interaction of Objects Momentum and Collisions

Procedure 1. Vehicle 1 is the green data (the data on the left). Vehicle 2 is the yellow data (the data on the right) Select the following constant values for Vehicle 1: Time of Interaction = 0.40 s, Mass of Vehicle 1'= 5.00 kg, and Force on Vehicle 1 - - 2.00 N. Record these values in the appropriate places in Table 1. They will be kept constant throughout this investigation. 2. Set the mass of Vehicle 2 to 1.00 kg. 3. Click the Go button, and observe the motion of the vehicles. Record the acceleration and velocity of Vehicle 1 in Table 1. Record the force, acceleration, and velocity of Vehicle 2 for the 1.00 kg Vehicle. 4. Click the Reset button, and set the mass of Vehicle 2 to 2.00 kg. 5. Click the Go button, and observe the motion of the vehicles. Record the force, acceleration, and velocity for the 2.00 kg Vehicle 2 in Table 1. 6. Repeat the last 2 steps for Vehicle 2 masses of 4.00 kg, 5.00 kg, 6.00 kg, 8.00 kg, and 10.00 kg.Table 1: Newton's Laws and the Interaction of Objects Constant Values Time of Interaction: Mass of Vehicle 1: Force on Vehicle 1: Acceleration of Vehicle 1: Velocity of Vehicle 1: Mass of Vehicle 2 Force on Vehicle 2 Acceleration of Velocity of Vehicle 2 (kg) (N) Vehicle 2 (m/s2) (m/sz) 1.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 Analysis 1. How does the force on Vehicle 1 compare to the force on Vehicle 2 for each trial? How does this confirm Newton's third law of motion? 2. Explain the significance of the negative sign of the force on Vehicle 1.3. According to Newton's second law, an unbalanced force acting on a mass will cause the mass to accelerate in the direction of the force, F = ma. Use this formula to confirm each of the following: a. The acceleration value you recorded in Table 1 for Vehicle I. b. The acceleration values you recorded in Table 1 for Vehicle 2. Just show the calculations for the 2.00 kg and 5,00 kg trials c. Explain the significance of the negative acceleration value for Vehicle I and the positive acceleration values for Vehicle 2. 4. Why do the vehicles in each trial experience the same force but exhibit different accelerations? Explain using Newton's Law.5. According to your data, explain the relationship between the acceleration of the vehicles and their final velocities. 6. In each trial, which vehicle experienced the greater change in velocity?7. Use the data from Table 1 to complete Table 2 below. Show the calculations for the 1.00 kg Vehicle under the table. Table 2: Momentum and Impulse Momentum of Momentum of Vehicle 1 Vehicle 2 Impulse of Impulse of Mass of Vehicle 1 Vehicle 2 Vehicle 2 (kg) After Spring After Spring Uncoils Uncoils After Spring After Spring (kg.m/s) (kg.m/s) Uncoils (N.s) Uncoils (N.s) 1.00 2.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 8.00 10.008. Even though each vehicle experiences the same force, the vehicle with the smaller mass undergoes a greater change in velocity. Do your results verify this conclusion? Explain your answer. 9. State whether or not each vehicle in each trial experiences the same magnitude of the following quantities. a. force b. acceleration c. time of interaction d. final velocity e. impulse f. momentum Explain any differences you noted in the above quantities