Summarize: Self-directed learners set their own goals and standards, utilizing experts, institutions, and other resources to achieve them. Independence in learning does not equate to isolation; many self-directed learners are social and participate in clubs or informal learning groups. They take full responsibility for their learning, managing their time, projects, goals, self-evaluations, and peer critiques effectively. While mature Stage 4 learners can learn from any teacher, they thrive in environments that allow for autonomy. This stage recognizes that some skills and knowledge are best acquired under the guidance of an expert, as emphasized by Candy