Super Clean is a local business in the Tri-cities area. It provides cleaning services to residential households and commercial establishments. Both households and businesses sign contracts with Super Clean. As the contractor, Super Clean dispatches its crew to the locations. The crew performs the cleaning as per the contracts and reports back to the company main desk. The main desk then prepares the invoice and sends them to the clients. Clients have one day to pay the invoice. Sales volume can vary from one quarter to the next.

In terms of expenses, the main expense for Super Clean relates to labour. They pay crew members competitive wages and benefits. The wage rate is calculated on an hourly basis and is fixed for the entire year.

The next expense item is cleaning supplies. Super Clean accounts for cleaning supplies relative to the hours worked. For example, they estimate that cleaning supplies are consumed at a rate of 0.2 litres per labour hour. This is a good measure because the longer it takes for a site to be cleaned,the more the consumption of cleaning supplies. Cleaning supplies are procured from a prominent vendor and the cost is fixed for the entire year.

Sometimes clients are not happy about the cleaning services and register a complaint. In that case, the crew is dispatched again for a second cleaning. The hours accruing from such scenarios are not billed to the clean as this constitutes a 'service recovery'. However, the crew is paid for such hours. Super Clean maintains a record of these hours and classifies them as 'unproductive hours', or 'unbilled hours'. This is calculated as a percentage of revenue earning hours (e.g. 10% of revenue generating hours).

Budget for the year 2020:

The budget for the year 2020 was prepared in December 2019 and had the following components:

Revenue:

The revenue is calculated as number of hours that the crew works on a site, multiplied by the contracted rate with the client. The hours worked in the residential and commercial segments are shown separately, and there is a total for the combined hours worked. The revenue for each segment is arrived at by multiplying the hours for the segment by the rate. The budget is prepared for four quarters, one to four.

For the first quarter of 2020, the budgeted sales hours and hourly revenue were:

Item

Budgeted sales (commercial), in hours 2 800

Budgeted sales (residential), in hours 1 200

Budgeted selling rate (commercial), per hour $ 40

Budgeted selling rate (residential), per hour $ 51

For quarters two, three and four it was projected that:

Budgeted sales in hours for both commercial and residential will increase at the rate of 4% on a quarter over quarter basis.

Budgeted selling rate will increase at 2% on a quarter over quarter basis for the commercial segment, and 4% on a quarter over quarter basis for the residential segment.

Direct Labour expense:

Super Clean will pay its employees an hourly rate of $ 20 for the entire year.

Cleaning supply usage:

The budgeted usage is 0.2 litre / labour hour for the commercial segment and 0.1 litre/ labour hour for the residential segment. This is constant for the entire year.

Cleaning supply expense:

Budgeted expense is $5 per liter for the entire year.

Fixed overhead:

To support the cleaning operations, there are four items of expenditure. These are designated as overheads and their budgeted expenses are as follows:

Receptionist:

Budgeted expense is $ 6 000 per quarter and is the same for all four quarters.

Depreciation:

This relates to the depreciation of vehicles used to transport employees to client locations. Budgeted expense is $ 9 000 per quarter and is the same for all four quarters.

Gas:

Budgeted expenditure on gas is $ 7 000 and is the same for all four quarters.

Office Supplies:

Budgeted expenditure on Office Supplies is $ 1 000 per quarter and is the same for all four quarters.

Actual results for the year 2020.

It is now January 7, 2021 and Super Clean is comparing the actual expenses against their budget. Here is what they found.

Revenue:

For the first quarter of 2020, the actual sales hours and hourly revenue were:

Item

Actual sales (commercial), in hours 2 660

Actual sales (residential), in hours 1 140

Actual selling rate (commercial), per hour $ 45

Actual selling rate (residential), per hour $ 50

For quarters two, three and four it was noticed that:

Commercial:

Actual sales recorded a 5% increase in Q2 over Q1. Q3 was 3% higher than Q2. Q4 was 2% higher than Q3.

Residential:

Actual sales recorded a 5% increase in Q2 over Q1. Q3 was 3% higher than Q2. Q4 was 2% higher than Q3.

Direct Labour expense:

Super Clean paid its employees an hourly rate of $ 18 for the entire year.

Cleaning supply usage:

The actual usage was 0.18 litre / labour hour for the commercial segment and 0.09 litre/ labour hour for the residential segment. This was constant for the entire year.

Cleaning supply expense:

Actual expense was $5.50 per liter for the entire year.

Fixed overhead:

To support the cleaning operations, there are four items of expenditure. These are designated as overheads and their budgeted expenses are as follows:

Receptionist:

Actual expense was $ 6 200 per quarter and is the same for all four quarters.

Depreciation:

This relates to the depreciation of vehicles used to transport employees to client locations. Actual expense was $ 9 200 per quarter and was the same for all four quarters.

Gas:

Actual expenditure on gas was $ 7 100 and was the same for all four quarters.

Office Supplies:

Actual expenditure on Office Supplies was $ 1 100 per quarter and was the same for all four quarters.

Unproductive (unbilled) factor:

Cleaning crews had to work 10% over the revenue generating hours to attend to complaints and do a second cleaning. These hours were not billable to clients, but Super Clean would pay the employees for this time they worked.

Required:

Part A:

For this part you will use the template provided in Excel Workbook format. Complete the following steps in sequence:

Step # Spreadsheet title Activity

One Input Database Populate the section A4:G24 with data from the above case and develop the static budget.

Two Input Database Populate the section K4:Q35 with data from the above case and develop the actual performance record.

Three Static Budget Populate the section A7:F29 with data from the spreadsheet 'Input Database' and develop the static budget.

Four Actual Budget Populate the section A7:F29 with data from the spreadsheet 'Input Database' and develop the actual budget.

Five Flexible Budget Populate the section A7:F29 with data from the spreadsheet 'Input Database' and develop the flexible budget.

Six Var Analysis - Static and Flex Populate the section A5:E26 with data from the spreadsheets 'Static Budget' and 'Actual Budget' and develop the static budget variance.

Seven Var Analysis - Static and Flex Populate the section G5:J26 with data from the spreadsheet 'Actual Budget' and 'Flexible Budget' and develop the flexible budget variance.

Eight Material variances Using applicable data complete the analysis of Material variances for both the commercial and residential segments.

Nine Labour variances Using applicable data complete the analysis of Material variances for both the commercial and residential segments.

Other guidelines:

Data should be entered in the 'Input Database' spreadsheet only.

For all other spreadsheets, you must use cell references, linking data from 'Input Database' or other spreadsheets. Do not enter data or calculations without cell references.

To calculate variances, you need to use 'IF' formula.

Part B:

In week 10, your Professor will be discussing about ethical practices during budget preparation. One such practice involves use of 'budgetary 'slack'. Reflecting on this learning experience, you will write a memo to the CEO of SUPER CLEAN.

The CEO is concerned regarding ethical practices and needs your advice. In your role as a consultant, write a memo explaining:

What 'budgetary slack' is?

Possible budgetary items where 'budgetary slack can be applied?'

Structure of the memo: