Supply and Purchasing are now operating beyond international borders a practice termed as Global sourcing or Overseas buying;

(a) Briefly define and explain Global sourcing or overseas buying

(b) What are the motives and challenges of Global or overseas sourcing? Benefits of Global Sourcing

(c) What are incoterms and directives as applied in overseas buying paradigms? What transport systems, costs and considerations would you take into account in such as modal systems, freight management and methods of payment as employed for global sourcing?

QUESTION TWO For any Supply and Purchasing contractual engagements to be made they have to be preceded with firm negotiations;

(a) How would you define Negotiation and what approaches and salient contents does it follow and possess? [5 Marks]

(b) State and describe the factors in negotiation, the negotiation process and the actual negotiation which may be taken into account in order to reach a firm contractual arrangement for Supply and purchasing. [10 Marks]

(c) Outline the salient features and characteristics of Post negotiation, Effective negotiations, relationships and negotiation ethics. [10 Marks]

QUESTION THREE Tendering process is a complex but necessary process in Strategic Supply and Purchasing, hence requires support tools;

(a) Define the tender process, by also stating and explaining the types of tenders, Debriefing of unsuccessful tenders and Post-tender negotiations. [10 Marks]

(b) What cost techniques are applied in tendering and why lifecycle costing cardinal in tendering? [5 Marks]

(c) Define, state and describe, Target costing, Absorption costing, Activity Based Costing (ABC), Standard costing, Budgets and Budgetary control and learning curves as they pertain to Strategic Supply Chain management [10 Marks]

QUESTION FOUR Purchasing requires conducting research in the market place, analysis of purchasing performance and ethical considerations;

(a) Briefly define, state and explain Purchasing research and Purchasing performance evaluation for optimal results [5 Marks]

(b) State and outline Benchmarking and ratios, Integrated Benchmarking (EFQM Business Excellence Model & the Balance Scorecard) and Management by objects (MBO) as support tools for Supply and purchasing [10 Marks]

(c) Identify and describe Five (5) Quality Management Authorities (Gurus) and their associated theories. Explain the misnomer that Quality management evolved from Japan when in fact not and if not which place did quality management originate from and what lead to Japan being more identified with Quality strategies than the place of origin? [10 Marks]