Support for threads may be provided at the user level, user threads, or by the kernel, kernel threads. User threads are managed without kernel support, whereas kernel threads are supported and managed directly by the operating system. Virtually all contemporary operating systems—including Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, and Solaris—support kernel threads. Ultimately, a relationship must exist between user threads and kernel threads.

•  Multithreading concepts should be addressed, as well as the following:
  • How each multithreading model (Many-to-One, One-to-One, Many-to-Many) establishes the relationship between user threads and kernel threads
  • The primary ways of implementing a thread library
  • Your thoughts and opinions regarding each of the following:
    • The capabilities and limitations of each model
    • Why different operating systems employ different models
    • The value of thread libraries