Suppose it is wanted to send messages made up of five characters $A,B,C,D,E$ with frequencies $5,3,6,4,2$ respectively. Calculate the entropy, minimum length, average codeword, redundancy, and compression ratio for the messages if they are sent by using fixed and variable coding methods. The variable coding method is developed by using the Huffman code method. Then encode the message BAD by using both coding methods and show many bits needed to send this message.