Suppose that Arnold is running for mayor in Springfield. Arnold's opponent in the race for mayor, Beth, begins airing a campaign ad on local television stations in which Beth says the following: "Arnold is not the right choice for Springfield. He went to a poorly ranked college and his businesses have failed over and over again. I do not personally believe that he is capable of steering Springfield through the challenges our community will face in the coming years." It is true that Arnold received his degree from a college that does not have a very good academic reputation. Furthermore, Arnold has started three businesses in Springfield that went out of business shortly after they opened. After the advertisement airs, Arnold's current business, an ice cream shop, sees a sharp decline in customers and sales. Arnold attributes this decline to Beth's ad, and sues Beth for defamation, hoping to recover money from Beth to compensate him for the harm to his financial and reputational interests that Arnold feels he has suffered because of Beth's statements. Is Arnold likely to win his defamation lawsuit against Beth?

Group of answer choices

No, because Beth's statements in the advertisement were either true or merely her own opinion.

No, because Arnold will not be able to prove that Beth's statements were published.

Yes, because Arnold will easily be able to prove that he has suffered damages as a result of Beth's statement due to the decline in business at this ice cream shop.

Yes, because Beth intentionally made defamatory statements about Arnold with actual malice.