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Suppose that the local DNS server caches all information coming in from all root, TLD , and authoritative DNS servers for 2 0 time units.

Suppose that the local DNS server caches all information coming in from all root, TLD, and authoritative DNS servers for 20 time units. Assume also that the local cache is initially empty, that iterative DNS queries are always used, that DNS requests are just for name-to-IP-address translation, that 1 time unit is needed for each server-to-server or host-toserver (one way) request or response, and that there is only one authoritative name server (each) for any .edu or .org domain. Consider the following DNS requests, made by the local host at the given times: t=0, the local host requests that the name gaia.cs.umass.edu be resolved to an IP address. t=1, the local host requests that the name icann.org be resolved to an IP address. t=5, the local host requests that the name cs.umd.edu be resolved to an IP address. t=10, the local host requests that the name gaia.cs.umass.edu be resolved to an IP address. t=12, the local host requests that the name cs.mit.edu be resolved to an IP address. t=16, the local host requests that the name ieee.org be resolved to an IP address. t=19, the local host requests that the name cs.umd.edu be resolved to an IP address. t=30, the local host requests that the name gaia.cs.umass.edu be resolved to an IP address. t=44, the local host requests that the name gaia.cs.umass.edu be resolved to an IP address. Answer the following questions. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=0? Answer: time units. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=1? Answer: time units. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=5? Answer: time units. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=10? Answer: time units. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=12? Answer: time units. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=16? Answer: time units. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=19? Answer: time units. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=30? Answer: time units. How many time units are required to resolve the DNS request made at t=44? Answer: time units.

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