Suppose that you are part of the Management team at Porsche. Suppose that it is the end of December 2019 and a novel coronavirus that causes a respiratory illness was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The illness was reported to the World Health Organization and there is heightened uncertainty around the Globe.

You (as part of the management team) are reviewing Porsches hedging strategy for the cash flows it expects to obtain from vehicle sales in North America during the calendar year 2020. Assume that Porsches management entertains three scenarios:

Scenario 1 (Expected): The expected volume of North American sales in 2020 is 35,000 vehicles.

Scenario 2 (Pandemic): The low-sales scenario is 50% lower than the expected sales volume.

Scenario 3 (High Growth): The high-sales scenario is 20% higher than the expected sales volume.

Assume, in each scenario, that the average sales price per vehicle is $85,000 and that all sales are realised at the end of December 2020. All variable costs incurred by producing an additional vehicle to be sold in North America in 2020 are billed in euros () and amount to 55,000 per vehicle. Shipping an additional vehicle to be sold in North America in 2020 are billed in and amount to 3,000 per vehicle.

The current spot exchange rate is (bid-ask) $1.11/ - $1.12/ and forward bid-ask is $1.18/ - $1.185/. The option premium is 2.5% of US$ strike price, and option strike price is $1.085/. Your finance team made the following forecasts about the exchange rates at the end of December 2020:

• bid-ask will be $1.45/ - $1.465/ if the investors (and speculators) consider the euro () a safe haven currency during the pandemic.
• bid-ask will be $0.88/-$0.90/ if the investors (and speculators) consider the U.S. dollar ($) a safe haven currency during the pandemic

1. You decided not to hedge Porsches currency exposure. If the expected final sales volume is

35,000, what are your total revenues

1. if the exchange rate (bid-ask) remains at $1.11/ - $1.12/? Lets call this the baseline scenario.
2. if the investors consider the euro a safe haven currency during the pandemic? How does this compare to the baseline case?
3. if the investors consider the U.S. dollar a safe haven currency during the pandemic? How does this compare to the baseline case?

2. Assume that you and the Porsches management team decided to hedge using forward contracts. Assume that the expected final sales volume is 35,000. What are your total benefit/cost and the percentage benefit/cost from hedging (compared to no hedging)

a) if the exchange rate (bid-ask) remains at $1.11/ - $1.12/?

b) if the investors consider the U.S. dollar a safe haven currency during the pandemic?