Suppose you have a processor with a base CPI of 1.0, and two caches (L1 and L2). You have the following specifications

Clock rate= 5 GHz.

Access time to L2 Cache = 6 ns

Access time to Main memory = 100 ns

Miss rate per instruction at the L1 cache is 2.5%.

Miss rate per instruction at the L2 cache is 0.7%.

A program contains 3000 instructions, 600 of them are memory access instructions.

Taking into consideration the stalls on Data cache only, find the total average CPI.

a. 2.63

b. None of them

c. 1.16

d. 1.45

e. 2.13