Suppose you have been hired as a financial consultant to Defense Electronics, Incorporated $($DEI$),$ a large, publicly traded firm that is the market share leader in radar detection systems $($RDSs$).$ The company is looking at setting up a manufacturing plant overseas to produce a new line of RDSs$.$ This will be a five$-$year project. The company bought some land three years ago for $$3\mathrm{.}5$ million in anticipation of using it as a toxic dump site for waste chemicals, but it built a piping system to safely discard the chemicals instead. The land was appraised last week for $$6\mathrm{.}6$ million on aftertax basis. In five years, the aftertax value of the land will be $$7$ million, but the company expects to keep the land for a future project. The company wants to build its new manufacturing plant on this land; the plant and equipment will cost $$33\mathrm{.}2$ million to build. The following market data on DEl's securities are current:

$\backslash$table$[[$DeBt : $275,000$ bonds with a coupon rate of $6\mathrm{.}6$ percent outstanding, $24$ years$],[$to maturity, selling for $105$ percent of par; the bonds have a $$1,000$ par$],[$value each and make semiannual payments.$]]],[\backslash$table$[[$Common$],[$stock:$]],\backslash$table$[[10,100,000$ shares outstanding, selling for $$74\mathrm{.}90$ per share; the beta is$],[1\mathrm{.}3.]]],[\backslash$table$[[$Preferred$],[$stock:$]],\backslash$table$[[495,000$ shares of $4\mathrm{.}4$ percent preferred stock outstanding, selling for$],[$$$84\mathrm{.}50$ per share. The par value is $$100.]]],[$Market:$,6\mathrm{.}6$ percent expected market risk premium; $3\mathrm{.}5$ percent risk$-$free rate.$]]$

DEI uses G$.$M$.$ Wharton as its lead underwriter. Wharton charges DEI spreads of $7$ percent on new common stock issues, $4\mathrm{.}5$ percent on new preferred stock issues, and $2\mathrm{.}5$ percent on new debt issues. Wharton has included all direct and indirect issuance costs $($along with its profit$)$ in setting these spreads. Wharton has recommended to DEI that it raise the funds needed to build the plant by issuing new shares of common stock. DEl's tax rate is $23$ percent. The project requires $$1,625,000$ in initial net working capital investment to get operational. Assume DEI raises all equity for new projects externally and that the NWC does not require floatation costs..

a$.$ Calculate the project's initial Time $0$ cash flow, taking into account all side effects. $($A

and that the NWC does not require floatation costs..

a$.$ Calculate the project's initial Time $0$ cash flow, taking into account all side effects. $($A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest whole number, e$.$g$.,1,234,567.)$

b$.$ The new RDS project is somewhat riskier than a typical project for DEI, primarily because the plant is being located overseas. MManagement has told you to use an adjustment factor of $+2\mathrm{.}0$ percent to account for this increased riskiness. Calculate the appropriate discount rate to use when evaluating DEl's project. $($Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to $2$ decimal places, e$.$g$.,32\mathrm{.}16.)$

c$.$ The manufacturing plant has an eight$-$year tax life, and DEI uses straight$-$line depreciation to a zero salvage value. At the end of the project $($that is$,$ the end of Year $5),$ the plant and equipment can be scrapped for $$5\mathrm{.}8$ million. What is the aftertax salvage value of this plant and equipment? $($Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest whole number, e$.$g$.,1,234,567.)$

d$.$ The company will incur $$8,100,000$ in annual fixed costs. The plan is to manufacture $19,700$ RDSs per year and sell them at $$11,130$ per machine; the variable production costs are $$9,850$ per RDS$.$ What is the annual operating cash flow $($OCF$)$ from this project? $($Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to the nearest whole number, e$.$g$.,1,234,567.)$

e$.$ DEl's comptroller is primarily interested in the impact of DEl's investments on the bottom line of reported accounting statements. What will you tell her is the accounting break$-$even quantity of RDSs sold for this project? $($Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to nearest whole number, e$.$g$.,32.)$

f$.$ Finally, DEl's president wants you to throw all your calculations, assumptions, and everything else into the report for the chief financial officer; all he wants to know is what the RDS project's internal rate of return $($IRR$)$ and net present value $($NPV$)$ are. $($Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your NPV in