Suppose you own a concession stand that sells food and drinks at a stadium. You have three years left on the contract with the stadium, and you do not expect it to be renewed. Long lines limit sales and profits. You have developed four proposals to reduce the line length. Your first proposal is adding another window. The second is to update the equipment at the existing windows. These two renovations are not mutually exclusive; you could do both. The third and fourth proposals involve abandoning the existing stand. The third proposal is to build a new stand. The fourth is to rent a larger stand in the stadium. This option would involve $1,000 in up front investment for new signs and equipment installation; the incremental cash flows shown in later years are net of lease payments. You have decided that a 15% discount rate is appropriate for this type of investment. The incremental cash flows associated with each of the proposals are:

Project	Investment	Year 1	Year 2	Year 3
Add New	-$75,000	44,000	44,000	44,000
Update Existing Equipment	-50,000	23,000	23,000	23,000
Build a New Stand	-125,000	70,000	70,000	70,000
Rent a Larger Stand	-1,000	12,000	13,000	14,000

1. Using the internal rate of return rule (IRR), which proposal(s) do you recommend?

2. Using the net present value rule (NPV), which proposal(s) do you recommend?

3. How do you explain any differences between IRR and NPV rankings? Which rule is better?