Suppose you want to nd out how many people support Policy X. A stande polling approach is to just ask N many people whether or not they support Policy X , and take the fraction of people who say yes as an estimate of the probability that any one person supports the policy. Suppose that the probability someone supports the policy is p, which you do not know. Let 331v be the number of people polled who supported the policy, divided by the total number of people polled N. However, a problem with polling is whether or not people are willing to answer honestly. If a question might be viewed as shameful or embarrassing (about politics, sexual activity, or whatever people are sensitive about), they may be reluctant to answer honestly. A potential solution to this is the following: suppose that 'YES' is the embarrassing or socially shameful answer; give the people you are polling the following instructions: ip a coin privately, and if it comes up heads answer honestly, but if it comes up tails answer 'YES' regardless of what the truth is. This gives people plausible deniability about why they answered yes, if pressed. Again, let 363; be the fraction of people who said 'YES'. Let p be the probability that a randomly selected person says 'yes'; let q be the probability that a person's true answer is 'yes'. Note again, we have that the expected value of 361v is p, but we are actually interested in measuring (1. Construct an estimate]? N from file so that the expected value of le is g