Survey of Positions

1. Moral standing should be extended to present (and future) human beings.
2. Moral standing should be extended to animals who possess sentience/consciousness.
3. Moral standing should be extended to individual living organisms.
4. Moral standing should be extended to holistic entities.

Each of the positions is a single statement. These positions are the conclusions to the arguments you will find.

ASSIGNMENT: Survey of Arguments

Summarize the most important arguments that have been given for the four positions.

An argument is one or more statements that together try to prove that a position is true.

Your author, Alasdair Cochrane, states each argument for a position, then goes into objections to the position, and often rebuttals to or refinements of the original position. Don't include objections or rebuttals when you give the argument for each position. Cite Cochrane's article + page #. If prominent philosophers are cited as giving an argument, give their names.

PUT ARGUMENTS IN STANDARD FORM, numbered premises first and conclusion last.

Alasdair Cochrane's article: https://iep.utm.edu/envi-eth/#SH1a