Table 1 lists the identification numbers (IDs) of 200 babies born to HIV infected mothers Babies were recruited into a cohort study to examine the association of the amount of HIV virus (viral load) in breast milk with the risk of acquiring the HIV virus All babies were HIV uninfected at birth and all were breastfed The breast milk of some babies' mothers contained 2000 viral particles per mL (high viral load, exposed) whereas for some others it had s2000 particles mL (low viral load, unexposed) Assume the exposure (viral load in the mother's breast milk) was measured without error at the time of entry into the cohort (i e during the first week of life) for all babies and did not change during the time babies were breastfed The incidence of HIV infection was periodically ascertained in all babies using a standard definition and without measurement error Listed next to each ID number are days of follow up (FU) from the time of enrollment when they were all at risk, until infants became cases (infected with HIV), died, or ceased breast feeding Assume no competing risks and no losses to follow up Table 1 Days of follow up of 200 infants born to HIV infected women ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU 1 441 21 633 41 530 61 648 81 524 101 473 121 510 141 554 161 613 181 466 2 405 22 581 42 568 62 396 82 397 102 434 122 586 142 481 162 606 182 496 3 482 23 382 43 314 63 452 83 514 103 442 123 560 143 647 163 638 183 435 4 408 24 501 44 392 64 473 84 660 104 420 124 627 144 551 164 389 184 476 5 420 25 380 45 429 65 582 85 514 105 428 125 634 145 505 165 657 185 426 6 563 26 473 46 428 66 408 86 501 106 540 126 489 146 279 166 541 186 377 7 665 27 616 47 456 67 404 87 569 127 531 147 523 167 548 187 682 107 446 108 348 8 476 28 389 48 485 68 485 88 546 128 398 148 415 168 512 188 466 9 429 29 629 49 596 69 488 89 531 109 407 129 295 149 472 169 315 189 501 10 484 30 232 50 386 70 249 90 553 110 477 130 337 150 516 170 685 190 618 11 463 31 381 51 423 71 449 91 466 111 447 131 568 151 525 171 533 191 376 12 516 32 353 52 508 72 586 92 457 112 712 132 602 152 637 172 547 192 604 13 589 33 206 53 374 73 575 93 449 113 512 133 398 153 546 173 599 193 519 14 460 34 511 54 635 74 421 114 595 134 480 154 455 174 332 94 587 95 709 194 519 195 503 15 570 35 412 55 467 75 399 115 526 135 642 155 584 175 605 16 471 36 509 56 763 76 471 96 760 116 455 156 674 176 643 196 371 17 536 37 486 57 397 77 486 97 357 117 552 157 569 177 487 197 584 18 376 38 479 58 367 78 552 98 415 118 413 136 540 137 555 138 381 139 607 140 570 158 574 178 478 198 414 19 549 39 410 59 358 79 311 99 580 119 605 159 441 179 489 199 422 20 571 40 516 60 565 80 531 100 580 120 481 160 632 180 489 200 498 Overall, these 200 babies contributed 99,491 days of follow up to the study Total exposed and unexposed person time was 21,640 and 77,851 days, respectively Among non cases, person time was 17,724 days for the exposed and 71,907 days for the unexposed (See a GSI if you are uncertain how these numbers were obtained) The following infants (IDs) became cases (bold in table) 8, 12, 13, 32, 43, 45, 48, 71, 72, 76, 83, 100, 107, 115, 131, 144, 146, 154, 156, 173 Assume participants enclosed in a shaded cell (n 44) were exposed to high viral load in breast milk 1 Fill in the numbers in Table 2 below Table 2 Number of cases, follow up time, incidence rate, and cumulative incidence (CI) of HIV infection in a cohort of 200 babies according to HIV viral load in breast milk Person days cases (infants) Incidence rate 100 person years Total infants Cl during follow up ( ) High viral load Low viral load Table 1 lists the identification numbers (IDs) of 200 babies born to HIV infected mothers Babies were recruited into a cohort study to examine the association of the amount of HIV virus (viral load) in breast milk with the risk of acquiring the HIV virus All babies were HIV uninfected at birth and all were breastfed The breast milk of some babies' mothers contained 2000 viral particles per mL (high viral load, exposed) whereas for some others it had s2000 particles mL (low viral load, unexposed) Assume the exposure (viral load in the mother's breast milk) was measured without error at the time of entry into the cohort (i e during the first week of life) for all babies and did not change during the time babies were breastfed The incidence of HIV infection was periodically ascertained in all babies using a standard definition and without measurement error Listed next to each ID number are days of follow up (FU) from the time of enrollment when they were all at risk, until infants became cases (infected with HIV), died, or ceased breast feeding Assume no competing risks and no losses to follow up Table 1 Days of follow up of 200 infants born to HIV infected women ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU ID FU 1 441 21 633 41 530 61 648 81 524 101 473 121 510 141 554 161 613 181 466 2 405 22 581 42 568 62 396 82 397 102 434 122 586 142 481 162 606 182 496 3 482 23 382 43 314 63 452 83 514 103 442 123 560 143 647 163 638 183 435 4 408 24 501 44 392 64 473 84 660 104 420 124 627 144 551 164 389 184 476 5 420 25 380 45 429 65 582 85 514 105 428 125 634 145 505 165 657 185 426 6 563 26 473 46 428 66 408 86 501 106 540 126 489 146 279 166 541 186 377 7 665 27 616 47 456 67 404 87 569 127 531 147 523 167 548 187 682 107 446 108 348 8 476 28 389 48 485 68 485 88 546 128 398 148 415 168 512 188 466 9 429 29 629 49 596 69 488 89 531 109 407 129 295 149 472 169 315 189 501 10 484 30 232 50 386 70 249 90 553 110 477 130 337 150 516 170 685 190 618 11 463 31 381 51 423 71 449 91 466 111 447 131 568 151 525 171 533 191 376 12 516 32 353 52 508 72 586 92 457 112 712 132 602 152 637 172 547 192 604 13 589 33 206 53 374 73 575 93 449 113 512 133 398 153 546 173 599 193 519 14 460 34 511 54 635 74 421 114 595 134 480 154 455 174 332 94 587 95 709 194 519 195 503 15 570 35 412 55 467 75 399 115 526 135 642 155 584 175 605 16 471 36 509 56 763 76 471 96 760 116 455 156 674 176 643 196 371 17 536 37 486 57 397 77 486 97 357 117 552 157 569 177 487 197 584 18 376 38 479 58 367 78 552 98 415 118 413 136 540 137 555 138 381 139 607 140 570 158 574 178 478 198 414 19 549 39 410 59 358 79 311 99 580 119 605 159 441 179 489 199 422 20 571 40 516 60 565 80 531 100 580 120 481 160 632 180 489 200 498 Overall, these 200 babies contributed 99,491 days of follow up to the study Total exposed and unexposed person time was 21,640 and 77,851 days, respectively Among non cases, person time was 17,724 days for the exposed and 71,907 days for the unexposed (See a GSI if you are uncertain how these numbers were obtained) The following infants (IDs) became cases (bold in table) 8, 12, 13, 32, 43, 45, 48, 71, 72, 76, 83, 100, 107, 115, 131, 144, 146, 154, 156, 173 Assume participants enclosed in a shaded cell (n 44) were exposed to high viral load in breast milk 1 Fill in the numbers in Table 2 below Table 2 Number of cases, follow up time, incidence rate, and cumulative incidence (CI) of HIV infection in a cohort of 200 babies according to HIV viral load in breast milk Person days cases (infants) Incidence rate 100 person years Total infants Cl during follow up ( ) High viral load Low viral load

Question

Table 1 lists the identification numbers (IDs) of 200 babies born to HIV infected mothers  Babies were recruited into a cohort study to examine the association of the amount of HIV virus (viral load) in breast milk with the risk of acquiring the HIV virus  All babies were HIV uninfected at birth and all were breastfed  The breast milk of some babies' mothers contained  2000 viral particles per mL (high viral load, exposed) whereas for some others it had s2000 particles mL (low viral load, unexposed)  Assume the exposure (viral load in the mother's breast milk) was measured without error at the time of entry into the cohort (i e  during the first week of life) for all babies and did not change during the time babies were breastfed  The incidence of HIV infection was periodically ascertained in all babies using a standard definition and without measurement error  Listed next to each ID number are days of follow up (FU) from the time of enrollment when they were all at risk, until infants became cases (infected with HIV), died, or ceased breast feeding  Assume no competing risks and no losses to follow up  Table 1  Days of follow up of 200 infants born to HIV infected women ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU   ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU 1 441 21  633 41 530 61  648 81 524 101 473 121 510 141  554 161  613 181  466 2  405 22  581 42 568 62 396 82  397 102 434 122 586 142  481 162  606 182 496 3 482 23  382 43  314 63  452 83  514 103  442 123  560 143  647 163  638 183 435 4 408 24 501 44 392 64 473 84  660 104  420 124 627 144 551 164 389 184 476 5 420 25  380 45  429 65  582 85 514 105 428 125  634 145 505 165 657 185 426 6  563 26 473 46 428 66  408 86  501 106  540 126 489 146  279 166 541 186  377 7 665 27  616 47  456 67  404 87 569 127 531 147 523 167  548 187 682 107 446 108  348 8  476 28  389 48 485 68 485 88 546 128  398 148  415 168 512 188  466 9 429 29 629 49  596 69 488 89 531 109  407 129  295 149 472 169  315 189  501 10  484 30  232 50 386 70  249 90 553 110 477 130 337 150  516 170 685 190 618 11 463 31  381 51  423 71 449 91  466 111  447 131  568 151  525 171  533 191  376 12  516 32  353 52  508 72 586 92 457 112 712 132  602 152  637 172  547 192  604 13  589 33  206 53  374 73  575 93 449 113  512 133  398 153 546 173 599 193  519 14  460 34 511 54  635 74 421 114  595 134  480 154 455 174  332 94 587 95 709 194 519 195 503 15  570 35  412 55 467 75 399 115  526 135 642 155 584 175  605 16  471 36  509 56 763 76 471 96 760 116 455 156 674 176 643 196  371 17 536 37 486 57  397 77 486 97 357 117 552 157 569 177 487 197 584 18  376 38  479 58  367 78 552 98  415 118 413 136 540 137 555 138 381 139  607 140 570 158  574 178  478 198  414 19 549 39 410 59 358 79  311 99 580 119 605 159 441 179 489 199 422 20 571 40 516 60 565 80 531 100 580 120 481 160  632 180 489 200 498 Overall, these 200 babies contributed 99,491 days of follow up to the study  Total exposed and unexposed person time was 21,640 and 77,851 days, respectively  Among non cases, person time was 17,724 days for the exposed and 71,907 days for the unexposed (See a GSI if you are uncertain how these numbers were obtained)  The following infants (IDs) became cases (bold in table)  8, 12, 13, 32, 43, 45, 48, 71, 72, 76, 83, 100, 107, 115, 131, 144, 146, 154, 156, 173  Assume participants enclosed in a shaded cell (n 44) were exposed to high viral load in breast milk  1  Fill in the numbers in Table 2 below  Table 2  Number of cases, follow up time, incidence rate, and cumulative incidence (CI) of HIV infection in a cohort of 200 babies according to HIV viral load in breast milk Person days   cases (infants) Incidence rate   100 person  years Total   infants Cl during follow up ( ) High viral load Low viral load Table 1 lists the identification numbers (IDs) of 200 babies born to HIV infected mothers  Babies were recruited into a cohort study to examine the association of the amount of HIV virus (viral load) in breast milk with the risk of acquiring the HIV virus  All babies were HIV uninfected at birth and all were breastfed  The breast milk of some babies' mothers contained  2000 viral particles per mL (high viral load, exposed) whereas for some others it had s2000 particles mL (low viral load, unexposed)  Assume the exposure (viral load in the mother's breast milk) was measured without error at the time of entry into the cohort (i e  during the first week of life) for all babies and did not change during the time babies were breastfed  The incidence of HIV infection was periodically ascertained in all babies using a standard definition and without measurement error  Listed next to each ID number are days of follow up (FU) from the time of enrollment when they were all at risk, until infants became cases (infected with HIV), died, or ceased breast feeding  Assume no competing risks and no losses to follow up  Table 1  Days of follow up of 200 infants born to HIV infected women ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU   ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU ID  FU 1 441 21  633 41 530 61  648 81 524 101 473 121 510 141  554 161  613 181  466 2  405 22  581 42 568 62 396 82  397 102 434 122 586 142  481 162  606 182 496 3 482 23  382 43  314 63  452 83  514 103  442 123  560 143  647 163  638 183 435 4 408 24 501 44 392 64 473 84  660 104  420 124 627 144 551 164 389 184 476 5 420 25  380 45  429 65  582 85 514 105 428 125  634 145 505 165 657 185 426 6  563 26 473 46 428 66  408 86  501 106  540 126 489 146  279 166 541 186  377 7 665 27  616 47  456 67  404 87 569 127 531 147 523 167  548 187 682 107 446 108  348 8  476 28  389 48 485 68 485 88 546 128  398 148  415 168 512 188  466 9 429 29 629 49  596 69 488 89 531 109  407 129  295 149 472 169  315 189  501 10  484 30  232 50 386 70  249 90 553 110 477 130 337 150  516 170 685 190 618 11 463 31  381 51  423 71 449 91  466 111  447 131  568 151  525 171  533 191  376 12  516 32  353 52  508 72 586 92 457 112 712 132  602 152  637 172  547 192  604 13  589 33  206 53  374 73  575 93 449 113  512 133  398 153 546 173 599 193  519 14  460 34 511 54  635 74 421 114  595 134  480 154 455 174  332 94 587 95 709 194 519 195 503 15  570 35  412 55 467 75 399 115  526 135 642 155 584 175  605 16  471 36  509 56 763 76 471 96 760 116 455 156 674 176 643 196  371 17 536 37 486 57  397 77 486 97 357 117 552 157 569 177 487 197 584 18  376 38  479 58  367 78 552 98  415 118 413 136 540 137 555 138 381 139  607 140 570 158  574 178  478 198  414 19 549 39 410 59 358 79  311 99 580 119 605 159 441 179 489 199 422 20 571 40 516 60 565 80 531 100 580 120 481 160  632 180 489 200 498 Overall, these 200 babies contributed 99,491 days of follow up to the study  Total exposed and unexposed person time was 21,640 and 77,851 days, respectively  Among non cases, person time was 17,724 days for the exposed and 71,907 days for the unexposed (See a GSI if you are uncertain how these numbers were obtained)  The following infants (IDs) became cases (bold in table)  8, 12, 13, 32, 43, 45, 48, 71, 72, 76, 83, 100, 107, 115, 131, 144, 146, 154, 156, 173  Assume participants enclosed in a shaded cell (n 44) were exposed to high viral load in breast milk  1  Fill in the numbers in Table 2 below  Table 2  Number of cases, follow up time, incidence rate, and cumulative incidence (CI) of HIV infection in a cohort of 200 babies according to HIV viral load in breast milk Person days   cases (infants) Incidence rate   100 person  years Total   infants Cl during follow up ( ) High viral load Low viral load

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Table 1 lists the identification numbers (IDs) of 200 babies born to HIV-infected mothers. Babies were recruited into a cohort study to examine the association

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