TABLE 10.2 | ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BIOFUELS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF GASOLINE AND PETRODIESEL Corn ethanol Sugarcane ethanol Biodiesel from oilseed rape Particulate emissions Lower Lower 45% lower Carbon monoxide emissions 25% lower with E10 blend Lower 45% lower with B100 Volatile organic compounds Tailpipe: lower Net: higher Lower Fuel handling: higher Net: higher Sulfur emissions -0 - 0 ~0 (much lower than the 350 ppm for low-sulfur petrodiesel) Nitrogen oxide emissions Higher Higher Higher Toxicity Lower Lower Lower Energy gain 1.3 4 2 energy from biofuel fossil energy to produce biofuel Greenhouse gas emissions 13% higher to 39% lower 20%-80% lower 55% lower (equivalent CO2) Note: All numbers are approximate; greenhouse gas emissions are strongly dependent on fuel production methods.4} Find the total annual gasoline consumption in the United States, along with the total area of the country's existing cropland. One study suggests that ethanol production from corn in the United States gives an annual yield of T1 (3.] of ethanol energy per hectare {metric acre; Ill\"r n12 } of cropland. Use your findings1 along with Table 3.3 to estimate the percentage of [1.5. cropland that would be required to replace all US. gasoline with corn hased ethanol