Table 8.1. Models of Ethical Leadership (Source: Reed et al., 201 1) Model Similarities Differences Ethical leaders emphasize ethical Concern for others - standards and moral management altruism Transformational leadership Ethical decision-making (more transactional) Integrity Transformational leaders emphasize Role modelling vision, values, and intellectual stimulation Concern for others - Ethical leaders emphasize moral Authentic leadership altruism management (more transactional) and Ethical decision-making "other" awareness 70 Integrity Authentic leaders emphasize Role modelling authenticity and self-awareness (dark side - can have unrealistic expectations of an unattainable level of self-knowledge) Concern for others - Ethical leaders emphasize moral Spiritual altruism management leadership Integrity Spiritual leaders emphasize visioning, Role modelling hope/faith, work as vocation Concern for others - altruism Integrity Ethical leaders emphasize the aspect Servant leadership Role modelling serving others, putting their interests Moral manager before the self-interest Transactional/transforma tionalIn the contemporary business environment due to such factors as use of high technologies, specialization, new leadership paradigms, such as networking, the role of followers is growing. Hence, ignoring followers is short-sighted on the part of management