$\backslash$table$[[$Beginning inventory,Cost,Retail$],[$Purchases $($net$),116,530,208,700],[$Net markups,$$103,800,],[$Net markdowns,$11,169,],[$Sales revenue,$27,819,]]$

$($a$)$

$($b$)$

Your answer is incorrect.

Compute a cost$-$to$-$retail percentage under the following conditions. $)$

Cost$-$to$-$retail percentage

$(1)$ Excluding both markups and markdowns.

$(2)$ Excluding markups but including markdowns.

$(3)$ Excluding markdowns but including markups.

$(4)$ Including both markdowns and markups.