Tables:

T Table from textbook:https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3672.htm

Another t table:http://www.ttable.org/

Calculators:

One Sample T-Test w/Cool graph:https://www.statskingdom.com/130MeanT1.html

Independent Samples T-Test w/Cool Graph and effect sizes:https://www.statskingdom.com/150MeanT2uneq.html

Paired T Test w/Cool graph and effect sizes:https://www.statskingdom.com/160MeanT2pair.html

Problem 1: A family wanted to make sure they were buying oatmeal that had the amount of oatmeal that was indicated on the package, so they decided to test a sample of oatmeal packages to see if the packages indeed had an average of 28 grams of oatmeal in them or if they contained less than the stated amount. A random sample of 40 oatmeal packages with a sample mean of 27.95 grams was selected. Assuming the sample standard deviation is .45 grams, conduct a test at the .05 level of significance.

1. Name the type of t-test that you will use and why you will use that one.

1. State the null and alternative hypothesis in symbols and in words.

1. State your alpha level:

1. Perform a hypothesis test using the table approach & the p-value approach

1. t-table approach (comparing the computed t to the t in the table)

1. find the test statistic first

1. find the df

1. find the t in the table to create the rejection region

1. make a decision: compare the test statistic to the rejection region created by the t from the table.

1. p-value approach:

1. What is your conclusion, in words and using the appropriate statistics (t test statistic, df, p-value)?

Problem 2: A student conducted a survey about sleep and its possible effect on GPA. They randomly sampled 20 students, 10 who stated that they slept for 7 hours or more per night (the recommended amount of sleep some researchers say one should get) and 10 who stated that they slept less than 7 hours per night. Both groups stated their estimated GPA. Analyze the data using the appropriate techniques and give a conclusion about the results.

Those who sleep 7 or more hours per night	Those who sleep less than 7 hours per night
4	4
3.87	3.59
3.8	3.57
3.65	3.32
3.57	3.25
3.54	3.08
3.08	3.03
2.97	2.85
2.88	2.33
2.81	2.23

1. Name the type of t-test that you will use and why you will use that one.

1. State the null and alternative hypothesis in symbols and in words.

1. State your alpha level:

1. Perform a hypothesis test using the table approach & the p-value approach
   1. t-table approach (comparing the computed t to the t in the table)

1. find the test statistic first

1. find the df

1. find the t in the table to create the rejection region

1. make a decision: compare the test statistic to the rejection region created by the t from the table.

1. p-value approach:

1. What is your conclusion, in words and using the appropriate statistics (t test statistic, df, p-value)?

Problem 3:A researcher decided to study a random sample of 20 people, ten males and ten females. The average hours of sleep for males and females was recorded in the table below. Use a t-test to find the effect of sex on sleep.

mean hours of sleep males	mean hours of sleep females
7	6.5
7.5	8
6.5	9
6	6
5.5	7
7	7
5	7.5
6	6
6	8
7	7

1. Name the type of t-test that you will use and why you will use that one.

1. State the null and alternative hypothesis in symbols and in words.

1. State your alpha level:

1. Perform a hypothesis test using the table approach & the p-value approach

1. t-table approach (comparing the computed t to the t in the table)

1. find the test statistic first

1. find the df

1. find the t in the table to create the rejection region

1. make a decision: compare the test statistic to the rejection region created by the t from the table.

1. p-value approach:

1. What is your conclusion, in words and using the appropriate statistics (t test statistic, df, p-value)?

Problem 4: A researcher was interested in finding out if there was a difference between the average number of deaths from COVID between males and females. The number of deaths for males and females was recorded for each state and the District of Columbia on September 12, 2020. See the raw data and summary data below to conduct the appropriate t-test:

STATE	MALE DEATHS	FEMALE DEATHS
ALABAMA	1,158	1,018
ALASKA	27	17
ARIZONA	3,042	2,279
ARKANSAS	498	483
CALIFORNIA	8,225	6,104
COLORADO	1,097	891
CONNECTICUT	2,131	2,348
DELAWARE	292	323
FLORIDA	6,997	5,601
GEORGIA	3,270	3,059
HAWAII	62	33
IDAHO	236	179
ILLINOIS	4,477	3,832
INDIANA	1,607	1,552
IOWA	635	579
KANSAS	300	210
KENTUCKY	493	567
LOUISIANA	2,938	2,127
MAINE	64	72
MARYLAND	1,951	1,887
MASSACHUSETTS	4,232	4,976
MICHIGAN	3,600	3,311
MINNESOTA	924	959
MISSISSIPPI	1,204	1,226
MISSOURI	839	854
MONTANA	68	67
NEBRASKA	229	203
NEVADA	817	500
NEW HAMPSHIRE	210	222
NEW JERSEY	7,612	6,630
NEW MEXICO	412	411
NEW YORK	14,559	10,822
NORTH CAROLINA	1,590	1,447
NORTH DAKOTA	80	88
OHIO	2,241	2,174
OKLAHOMA	495	410
OREGON	289	210
PENNSYLVANIA	3,804	4,033
RHODE ISLAND	503	568
SOUTH CAROLINA	1,527	1,499
SOUTH DAKOTA	94	90
TENNESSEE	1,157	921
TEXAS	8,283	5,907
UTAH	267	166
VERMONT	33	25
VIRGINIA	1,402	1,313
WASHINGTON	1,053	906
WEST VIRGINIA	121	139
WISCONSIN	663	555
WYOMING	25	17
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA	351	265

MALE DEATHS	FEMALE DEATHS
Mean	1925.176471	Mean	1648.529
Standard Error	393.1574935	Standard Error	308.8472
Median	839	Median	854
Mode	#N/A	Mode	17
Standard Deviation	2807.706101	Standard Deviation	2205.61
Sample Variance	7883213.548	Sample Variance	4864717
Kurtosis	7.948466968	Kurtosis	5.349659
Skewness	2.598568116	Skewness	2.169623
Range	14534	Range	10805
Minimum	25	Minimum	17
Maximum	14559	Maximum	10822
Sum	98184	Sum	84075
Count	51	Count	51