Task 11 Review each of the seven figures shown in the previous sections, choosing two about which to write a paragraph comparing the data display with Tuftes list of graphical excellence qualities. 12 Another idea initiated by Tufte is "data-ink ratio." Data-ink is the part of the graph that cannot be erased without loss of data. For example, the Playfair Circle Graph in Figure 6 includes more gridlines than necessary to communicate the data story, thereby using too much ink on non-data. Task 12 Keeping in mind all nine of the hallmarks of graphical excellence, review the other data displays in this project for ink that has been spent on non-data. Write a short description of each to describe the data-ink vs. non-data ink expended in the graphic. Support an opinion of the "best" graphic with reference to both graphical excellence and data-ink. 5.2 Data visualizations of the 21st century Informative and compelling displays of data in the 21st century are far less likely to require actual ink; instead, we might be concerned about data-pixels. The challenges of printing graphics on a press have been largely overcome as print has lost its place as the primary medium for information exchange. The demand for digital rather than physical pages has paralleled the technological advancements that have made the visual experience on a monitor nearly equivalent to the printed page. Numerous software packages that include the production of standard statistical displays offer nearly universal opportunity for users to create visual displays of data. Anyone can make a graph; the question of quality, however, remains. In the early 2000s, a new level of sophistication arrived to include more than bivariate data and even larger data sets. A pioneer (and engaging showman) in this area was Hans Rosling (1948-2017), who brought innovation to the display of public health data intended for a general audience. Task 13 (a) Watch Rosling's 200 Countries, 200 Years, 4 Minutes at https://youtu.be/jbkSRLYSojo. (b) Visit the Gapminder tool https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$chart-type=bubbles online to re-play Rosling's visualization at your own speed. Explore the data for a single country by selecting it in the rightmost column. Write a paragraph about the story of the world when the dynamic data includes all countries and another paragraph about how the one country you watched fits or deviates from that story.