Technological change generally implies some changes to organizations, and very often requires changes in who owns and controls information, who has the right to access and update that information, and who makes decisions about whom, when, and how. This more complex view forces us to look at the way work is designed and the _____________________________.

A.

networks needed

B.

procedures used to achieve outputs

C.

number of employees assigned

D.

top management demands

E.

investments required

Another name for standard operating procedures for creating goods and services is (are) ________.

A.

organizational culture

B.

rotations

C.

routines

D.

organizational politics

E.

organizational environment

A collection of routines for producing goods and services is called a(n) ________.

A.

organizational statement

B.

business process

C.

organizational culture

D.

organizational politics

E.

routines

The assumption that an MIS professor knows more about normalization than a student is an example of ________.

A.

organizational statement

B.

business process

C.

organizational culture

D.

organizational politics

E.

cloud computing

An innovation that dramatically changes the business environment is called a(n) ________.

A.

instructional technology

B.

digital firm

C.

disruptive technology

D.

organizational learning company

E.

Internet

Information systems technology can be viewed as a factor of production that can be substituted for traditional capital and labor. As the cost of information technology __________, it is substituted for labor, which historically has been a rising cost.

A.

is eliminated

B.

doubles

C.

decreases

D.

increases

E.

is contained

Information systems can ________ the organization by giving lower-level employees more capabilities.

A.

establish

B.

flatten

C.

heighten

D.

hinder

E.

reduce

________ developed the competitive forces model.

A.

Kim

B.

Ugray

C.

Johnson

D.

Porter

E.

Hinz

In Porter's competitive forces model, the strategic position of the firm and its strategies are determined not only by competition with its traditional direct competitors but also by four other forces in the industry's environment: _________________________________.

A.

workers, managers, suppliers, and customers

B.

plants and equipment, laborers, competitors, and the government

C.

new market entrants, substitute products, customers, and suppliers

D.

institutional knowledge, entry costs, workers, and plants

E.

customers, distributors, the government, and politicians

In the music industry, ________ are considered a newer substitute for CD-based music stores.

A.

business processes

B.

cassettes

C.

Internet music sites

D.

spreadsheets

E.

records

The power of the customer ________ if they have an easy time switching from one company (e.g., not having to pay an exit fee) to another.

A.

stops

B.

decreases

C.

changes over time

D.

grows

E.

remains the same

Hilton Hotels' OnQ system analyzes detailed data collected on active guests in all of its properties to determine the preferences of each guest and each guest's ___________ to choose guests for additional privileges such as late checkouts.

A.

special needs

B.

expenditure

C.

displeasure

D.

complaints

E.

profitability

Nike sells customized sneakers through NIKEiD to establish ________.

A.

organizational politics

B.

low-cost leadership

C.

organizational culture

D.

suppliers

E.

product differentiation

Customer relationship management (CRM) that includes analytical capabilities is often called ________.

A.

management CRM

B.

product CRM

C.

legacy CRM

D.

data

E.

contemporary CRM

The Internet has ________ competitive rivalry.

A.

not changed the level of

B.

eliminated

C.

initially increased, then decreased

D.

decreased

E.

increased

According to the value chain model, human resources is considered a ________ of the firm.

A.

data mining activity

B.

support activity

C.

processing activity

D.

business intelligence activity

E.

primary activity

According to the value chain model, technology is considered a ________ of the firm.

A.

support activity

B.

primary activity

C.

processing activity

D.

data mining activity

E.

business intelligence activity

According to the value chain model, sales and marketing is considered a ________ of the firm.

A.

processing activity

B.

business intelligence activity

C.

primary activity

D.

data mining activity

E.

support activity

According to the value chain model, operations are considered a ________ of the firm.

A.

data mining activity

B.

business intelligence activity

C.

processing activity

D.

primary activity

E.

support activity

A ________ consists of a networked system that can synchronize the value chains of business partners ________.

A.

value web; within a company

B.

value web; within an industry

C.

cloud computing system; within a company

D.

value center; within a company

E.

value center; within an industry

________ include two organizations sharing expertise.

A.

Core competencies

B.

Digital firms

C.

Network-based strategies

D.

Enterprise systems

E.

Synergies

A virtual company uses ________ to link people, assets, and ideas.

A.

enterprise systems

B.

digital firms

C.

synergies

D.

networks

E.

economics

A(n) ________ includes interdependent networks of suppliers, distributors, and outsourcing firms.

A.

economics model

B.

five-forces model

C.

network system

D.

database

E.

business ecosystem

In most cases, a business ecosystem includes ________.

A.

all equal firms

B.

only technology companies

C.

only service companies

D.

a few keystone firms

E.

instructional design organizations

According to research, about ________ of a firm's profits can be explained by alignment of IT with business.

A.

10 percent

B.

50 percent

C.

75 percent

D.

25 percent

E.

100 percent