Technology is one of the contingency factors in Daft et al.'s (2017, p. 25) framework of interacting structural dimensions and contingency factors. What does the term 'Organisational Technology' include?

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The tools, techniques and actions used to transform inputs into outputs.

The plan of action that describes resource allocation and activities for reaching the organisation's goals.

Flexible manufacturing, advanced information systems, and the internet.

An automobile assembly line, a college classroom, or an overnight package delivery system.