Ten families live in an apartment complex. They are very unhappy with the maintenance service provided by the landlord. Nine of the families begin throwing their garbage in a pile in one of the alleys next to the main building. The garbage draws many rats, which infest the apartment of the tenth family. This family sues the other nine families for negligence when it is forced to move out because of the rats. Are the nine families jointly and severally liable?

CLASS IS CIVIL INJURIES

JURISDICTION IS UNITED STATES