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When the carbonyl group of a neutral ketone is protonated, which one of the following statements in this regard is false? A. The resulting species is activated toward nucleophilic attack. B. The resulting species has a positive charge. C. The resulting species becomes more electrophilic. D. Subsequent nucleophilic attack on the resulting species is said to occur under acid- catalyzed conditions. O E. The carbonyl carbon becomes more nucleophilic. Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A. The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. B. Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, the tetrahedral intermediate is too sterically hindered to eliminate one of the attached groups. C. The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. D. Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. E. Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R- can be eliminated because they are poor leaving groups. In nucleophilic acyl substitution, O A. loss of the leaving group is followed by rearrangement of the carbocation. O B. ester hydrolysis is followed by deprotonation. O C. addition to the carbonyl by a nucleophile is followed by loss of the leaving group. D. an SN2 reaction occurs. O E. protonation of the carbonyl is followed immediately by loss of the leaving group. What is the product formed from the following acid-base reaction when ammonia functions as a base? The equilibrium lies far to the left, favouring the reactants. CH3OH + NH3 ? O A. CH2OH + NH3 B. CH3OH2+ + "NH2 O C. CH4 + NH2OH D. CH3NH2 + H20 E. CH30 + NH4