The $1991$ UK Internal Market Reforms replaced the annual budget by incentivizing hospitals to vie against other regional hospitals for contracts from a government buyer. After the reform, hospitals competed by providing shorter waiting list and lower prices. This came at a cost of $q,$ In a phenomenon known by $q,$

higher mortality; induced demand

lower mortality rate; hospitals arm race

lower quality of service; race to the bottom

lower mortality rate; race to the bottom

lower quality of service, hospitals arm race