The 10,000 meters is a standard track event and it is a part of both the Olympic Games and World Championships. A sample from the top 17 finishers of the men's and women's races from the 2019 World Championships are listed in the attached data tables.

1. Calculate the mean, median, range, and standard deviation for each data set.

2. Suppose the timing device used in the men's race failed to activate at the start of the race and instead began to record the times x seconds into the race Consider how the competitors' times would be affected.

Would the x seconds be added to or subtracted from the times recorded to find the true times? Would the median you calculated in question #1 be affected? If yes, how? If no, why not?

3. Determine who placed 17th in the men's and in the women's 10.000 meter races at the 2020 Summer Olympics (which occurred in 2021) in Tokyo. Record the names, nationalities, and times.

4. If both of those 17th place finishers from question #3, had competed in the 2019 World Championships with their 2020 Olympic time (which occurred in 2021), where would they have placed?

Which one would have done relatively better than the other at the 2019 World Championships?

5. One of the first recorded uses of statistics was in the 9th century by an Arab Muslim philosopher, Al-Kindi. He was studying cryptanalysis, or codebreaking, and realized that the most frequently occurring letters in a cypher should correspond to the most frequently occurring letters in the alphabet. In three to five sentences, with source(s) cited, determine what the most frequently occurring letters are in the English alphabet (and what their frequencies are). Once you have that, use that information to explain how you would use it to try to break this code (you do not have to actually break it, but you can if you want).

Code

answtlirulinse! ynr ftnoc jmc ande.

Men's 2019 World Championship - Final Results (top 17 finishers) Rank Name Nationality Time (seconds) Joshua Cheptegei Uganda (UGA) 608.36 Yomif Kejelcha Ethiopia (ETH) 609.34 W N Rhonex Kipruto Kenya (KEN) 1610.32 4 Rodgers Kwemoi Kenya (KEN) 615.36 Andamlak Belihu Ethiopia (ETH) 616.71 6 Mohammed Ahmed Canada (CAN) 1619.35 Lopez Lomong United States (USA) 624.72 Yemaneberhan Crippa Italy (ITA) 630.76 Hagos Gebrhiwet Ethiopia (ETH) 631.37 10 Shadrack Kipchirchir United States (USA) 1644.74 11 Sondre Nordstad Moen Norway (NOR 682.18 12 Leonard Korir United States (USA) 685.73 13 Soufiane Bouchikhi Belgium (BEL) 695.43 14 Aron Kifle Eritrea (ERI) 696.74 15 Rodrigue Kwizera Burundi (BDI) 701.92 16 Abdallah Kibet Mande Jganda (UGA) 710.49 17 Onesphore Nzikwinkunda Burundi (BDI) 751.50 Women's 2019 World Championship - Final Results (top 17 finishers) Rank Name Nationality Time (seconds) Sifan Hassan Netherlands (NED) 1817.62 IN Letesenbet Gidey Ethiopia (ETH) 1821.23 Agnes Jebet Tirop Kenya (KEN 825.20 Rosemary Monica Wanjiru Kenya (KEN) 1835.75 Hellen Obiri Kenya (KEN) 1835.82 Senbere Teferi Ethiopia (ETH) 1844.23 Susan Krumins Netherlands (NED) 1865.40 Marielle Hall United States (USA) 1865.71 Molly Huddle United States (USA) 1867.24 10 Emily Sisson United States (USA) 872.56 11 Hitomi Niiya Japan (JPN) 1872.99 12 Camille Buscomb New Zealand (NZL) 873.21 13 Ellie Pashley Australia (AUS) 878.89 14 Sinead Diver Australia (AUS) 1885.49 15 Stephanie Twell Great Britain (GBR) 1904.79 16 Stella Chesang Uganda (UGA) 1935.20 17 Natasha Wodak Canada (CAN) 1951.19