The accounting income $($loss$)$ and related tax rates during the years $2018$ to $2024$ follows:

Year Accounting income $($loss$)$ Tax Rate

$2018$ $$210,00020\%$

$201975,00020\%$

$2020180,00020\%$

$2021240,00030\%$

$2022(615,000)35\%$

$2023210,00030\%$

$2024270,00025\%$

Accounting income $($loss$)$ and taxable income $($loss$)$ were the same for all years since the company began. The tax rates from $2021$ to $2024$were enacted in $2021.$

Required:

$($a$)$ Prepare the journal entries to record income taxes for the years $2022$ to $2024.$ Assume the company uses the carryback provision where possible and expects to realize the benefits of any loss carryforward in the year immediately following the loss.

$($b$)$ Indicate the effect on the December $31,2022$ balance sheet if the company follows ASPE. How would it be different if the company follows IFRS?

$($c$)$ Beginning with $$Loss before income tax$$ show the bottom of the income statement for $2022.$

$($d$)$ Beginning with $$Loss before income tax$$ show the bottom of the income statement for $2023.$

$($e$)$ Prepare the journal entries for the years $2022$ to $2024$ to record income taxes, assuming the company uses the carry back provision where possible but is uncertain if it will realize the benefits of any loss carry forward in the future. $($Ignore valuation account method under ASPE$).$