The Africa Research Centre (ARC) has conducted a study on alleviating poverty in the north and central countries of the continent. One of the findings of this study attributes the situation of these countries to poor social security systems and laws. You have been invited to give a presentation to the ARC about the social security laws of South Africa, with the view to improving conditions and creating new systems in these countries. Your presentation must cover the following:

(a) The historical development of social security in South Africa. (10)

(b) The objectives and the shortcomings experienced by the system. (10)