The American black bear is one of eight bear species in the world. It is the smallest North American bear and the most common bear species in the world. In 1969, Dr. Michael Pelton of the University of Tennessee initiated a long-term study of the population in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. One aspect of the study was to develop a model that could be used to predict a bear's weight (since it is not practical to weigh bears in the field). One variable thought to be related to weight is the length of the bear. The following data represented the lengths and weights of 12 American black bears.

Total Length (cm). Weight (kg)

139.0 110

138.0 60

139.0 90

120.5 60

149.0 85

141.0 100

141.0 95

150.0 85

166.0 155

151.5 140

129.5 105

150.0 110

Dependent Variable: Weight

Independent Variable: Length

Weight = -142.47092 + 1.694168 Length

Sample size: 12

R (correlation coefficient) = 0.70390318

R-sq = 0.49547968

Estimate of error standard deviation: 20.8577

Parameter Estimate Std.Err. Alternative DF T-Stat P-value

Intercept -142.47092. 77.473771 0. 10. -1.8389569. 0.0958

Slope. 1.694168. 0.54060852. 0. 10. 3.1338167. 0.0106

e) Rounding predicted weight to the nearest kg, what is the residual for a North American black bear which had a length of 138 cm? Show your calculation for how you determined this. (5 points)