The American Missionary Association (AMA) and the American Colonization Society (ACS) were two organizations with differing views on the issue of slavery and the treatment of African Americans in the United States. The AMA was a group of abolitionists who believed in the immediate and unconditional emancipation of slaves and worked to provide education and other support to newly freed African Americans. The ACS, on the other hand, believed in the gradual emancipation of slaves and the colonization of freed African Americans in Africa. 

How did the debate between the American Missionary Association and the American Colonization Society reflect the larger societal attitudes towards race and slavery in 19th-century America?