A pressure cylinder with a bore diameter (D) of 30 cm is designed for an internal n pressure (p) of 30 kg/cm2. The cylinder cover is fastened to its flangesn by means of 12 bolts which are made of carbon steel with a yield n strength of 50 kg/mm2 (assume the factor of safety is 2.5). A soft n elastic gasket is inserted between the contacting surfaces to make a n fluid-tight joint. if the coefficient of friction between the nut and n cylinder cover is 0.3, :

a) then the required wrench (total) torque is

b) The percentage of pressure load supported by bolts is

c) then the allowable internal pressure

d)he pressure load per bolt joint is

e)the safe bolt size is

f) the resultant load on each bolt is about

g)The initial tightening load is directly proportional to the bolt diameter