The article "Evaluating Tunnel Kiln Performance" (Amer. Ceramic Soc. Bull., Aug. 1997: 59-63) gave the following summary information for fracture strengths (MPa) of n =169 ceramic bars fired in a particular kiln: x = 89.10; s = 3.73.

a. Calculate a (two-sided) confidence interval for true average fracture strength using a confidence level of 95%. Does it appear that true average fracture strength has been precisely estimated?

b. Suppose the investigators had believed a priori that the population standard deviation was about 4 MPa. Based on this supposition, how large a sample would have been required to estimate u to within .5 MPa with 95% confidence?