The best ethical argument in support of lifestyle regulation policies that prohibit smoking and alcohol consumption is

a. that they are defensible pursuant to utilitarianism as they promote the greatest good for the greatest number through better health and lower insurance costs

b. that they are defensible as fair and equitable treatment of all employees including smokes pursuant to contractarianism

c. they are defensible as legitimate exercises of companies' egos in their role as employers who are solely responsible for their employees' health

d. that they are defensible pursuant to divine command theory as smoking and alcohol consumption are social evils that companies have a duty to eradicate