The Biological Insect Control Corporation (BICC) has hired you as a consultant to evaluate the NPV of its proposed toad ranch. The company plans to breed toads and sell them as ecologically desirable insect control mechanisms. They anticipate that the business will continue into perpetuity. Following the negligible start-up costs, the company expects the following nominal cash flows at the end of the year: The company will lease machinery for $175,000 per year. The lease payments start at the end of Year 1 and are expressed in nominal terms. Revenues will increase by 4 percent per year in real terms. Labor costs will increase by 3 percent per year in real terms. Other costs will increase by 1 percent per year in real terms. The rate of inflation is expected to be 3.8 percent per year. The required rate of return for this project is 7 percent in real terms. The company has a tax rate of 22 percent. All cash flows occur at year-end. What is the NPV of the proposed toad ranch today? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)