The Bowman Corporation has an $21 million bond obligation outstanding that it is considering refunding. Though the bonds were initially issued at 10 percent, the interest rates on similar issues have declined to 8.7 percent. The bonds were originally issued for 20 years and have 10 years remaining. The new issue would be for 10 years. There is a 9 percent call premium on the old issue. The underwriting cost on the new $21,000,000 issue is $510,000, and the underwriting cost on the old issue was $400,000. The company is in a 35 percent tax bracket, and it will use an 10 percent discount rate to analyze the refunding decision. Use Appendix D for an approximate answer but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.

a. Calculate the present value of total outflows

b. Calculate the present value of total inflows.

c. Calculate the net present value.

d. Should the old issue be refunded with new debt?