The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) is an extensive economic survey undertaken as a joint initiative of the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

The BEEPS surveys are conducted in the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia and gather information about key indicators on topics important for business environment such as problems doing business, informal paymentsand corruption, finance, labor, crime, infrastructure, innovation, legal and judicial issues, taxation, customs and cross border trade, and etc.

Below, you will find summary statistics for select variables for Kazakhstani firms only. BEEPS data were collected in Kazakhstan in years 2009 and 2013.

Here are the definitions of variables:

inf=informality, binary variable

a0= sector manufacturing is the reference category

d2 = sales in the last fiscal year

ecaq39 = how often do firms like you pay additional payments/in formal gifts? - never is the reference category

l1=size of the firm

ecaq69 = percentage of the employees with the university degree

age= age of the firm

a_fin = access to finance, whether the company has overdraft and loans

labour=labour cost

. sum inf i.a0 d2 i.ecaq39 l1 ecaq69 age a_fin labour

Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------

inf | 617 .5802269 .4939221 0 1

|

a0 |

services | 617 .3468395 .4763503 0 1

core | 617 .3128039 .4640114 0 1

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------

d2 | 617 4.33e+08 1.43e+09 850000 1.95e+10

|

ecaq39 |

seldom | 617 .1961102 .397375 0 1

sometimes | 617 .2901135 .4541827 0 1

frequently | 617 .1523501 .3596515 0 1

|

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------

l1 | 617 81.7893 246.3818 3 3500

ecaq69 | 617 38.37277 28.23746 0 100

age | 617 9.178282 7.378935 0 82

a_fin | 617 .36953 .4830691 0 1

labour | 617 5.00e+07 1.62e+08 200000 2.44e+09

Write down a regression model of informality in Kazakhstan paying special attention to functional forms? (Something in the form: inf = ₀ + ₁age + )