The case study method aims, through real life examples, to generate open discussion among participants by providing a realistic illustration from the business world. The method requires intellectual rigour and discipline. It reverses the classic learning mechanisms taught at schools and universities. Whereas the latter approach relies on theory to derive practical applications, case studies require students to analyse and interpret the available data in order to decide which actions to implement. At a later point, the results may be generalized so as to apply to other situations; then links with theory, or new theories, may emerge

Question 41 In pseudomembranous colitis, what is the first treatment of choice, metronidazole or vancomycin? Question 42 Is Crohn's disease considered as an autoimmune disease. If it is, are there other predisposing factors to it other than genetics? If it is not, what is its nature? Question 43 Why does carcinoma of the ascending colon cause more anaemia than obstruction, and carcinoma of the descending colon more obstruction features and less anaemia? Question 44 Can you explain why a patient with colorectal carcinoma might present with diarrhoea and abdominal pain? Question 45 What causes the blood to be altered in the presentation of melaena: is it intestinal juice? Question 46 What is the differential diagnosis of multiple rectal ulcers in an 18-yearold female? Question 47 What is the best surgical technique in a chronic (2-3 years) painful anal fissure that is located sagittally posteriorly? Question 48 Can I make a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a 40-year-old female patient without doing gastrointestinal investigations? Question 49 What is the cause of abdominal bloating, which is often a symptom in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? Question 50 1. Where is the Traub's area situated anatomically? 2. What does it mean if it is dull on percussion? 3. What is the proper way to percuss this area?