The CFO of Microsoft is considering a leveraged recapitalization pitched by Goldman Sachs. Under the plan, Goldman would underwrite the flotation of a $10 billion bond, with a maturity of 20 years, with the coupon rate equal to the risk-free rate on Treasury bonds, rf=4%.

Microsoft's debt is viewed by the markets as risk free. At the end of 20 years, Microsoft will "roll- over" the bond. That is, at maturity it will issue a new bond with identical provisions to the first bond. The $10 Billion received for the new bond will be used to cover the principal payment ($10 Billion) due under the terms of the first bond. This process will be repeated every 20 years. In this way, Microsoft's interest expense into perpetuity will be identical to that on a consol bond with an annual coupon of $400 million.

Microsoft's estimated corporate tax rate is 36%. Under the terms of the deal, Goldman agrees to place all future bond issues for free. However, it demands up-front compensation for its services. In particular, it demands a fee equal toftimes the market price of the first bond issued.

a) What is the maximum value offsuch that the deal is still worth doing from the perspective of Microsoft's shareholders?

b) What is the value of tax shield from the deal?

c) Extra credit. Now assume that firm's profits are paid out to shareholders as dividends and the tax rate that shareholders pay on dividend income is estimated to be 15%. Note that, under this assumption, proceeds from issuing the bond will be taxed when paid as dividends. However, further dividends will be reduced by the interest payments and therefore shareholders should pay less dividend income tax inperpetuity. What is the maximum value off?

Problem 2

RMA is a public firm with 11.5 million shares outstanding. You are doing a valuation analysis of RMA. You estimate its free cash flow in the coming year to be $15.46 million, and you expect the firm's free cash flows to grow by 7.1% per year in subsequent years. Because the firm has only been listed on the stock exchange for a short time, you do not have an accurate assessment of RMA's equity beta. However, you do have beta data for LAU, a comparable firm in the same industry:

Equity Beta Debt Beta Debt-Equity Ratio LAU 2.05 0.33 1.1

RMA has a much lower debt-equity ratio of 0.33, which is expected to remain stable, and its debt is risk free. RMA's corporate tax rate is 32%, the risk-free rate is 5.2%, and the expected return on the market portfolio is 11.5%.

a. Estimate RMA's cost of equity.

b. Find WACC

c. Find value of RMA using WACC method d. Estimate RMA's share price.