The commission was established in 1967 by President Johnson and looked at the criminal justice system as a whole as opposed to separate silos. The commission looked at the start of the system with the police, to prosecution, to trial or plea bargain, to sentencing, and finally to corrections. This approach was innovative at its time and has now been taken for granted as common knowledge.

This model implies all cases are handled alike.

 This model focuses on the offense and places which sub-system of the criminal justice system a criminal may be. A wedding cake has several layers with larger layers at the bottom and smaller layers at the top. In this model, there are four layers. The top layer are celebrity cases which are atypical. The second layer are crimes deemed serious, but not common. These crimes are generally more violent crimes against persons. The third layer are less serious felonies that are more common than second layer crimes. Usually, property crimes. The bottom layer are misdemeanors and other less serious offenses.

This model allows for groups of cases to be handled differently.

Circle of Criminal Justice (My own model)

This model is designed from more of an offender's point of view entering the system from arrest through sentencing with the effects of different branches of government adjusting the path. The two dominant branches in the criminal justice system are the executive and judicial branch. The judicial branch is sandwiched between two slices of the executive branch. The legislative branch, while not having a direct role, is pervasive throughout the process.

The model assumes a circular motion in which the offender will re-offend.

1.-Explain why it may be misleading to conclude that loopholes in the justice system allow sentences of imprisonment for only 1% of all criminals to go to prison.?

2.-Explain the term courtroom working group and its impact on the going rate.? Does the courtroom work group have the power to halt legal reforms, use specific examples.

references:

https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/home

https://bjs.ojp.gov https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhCyZfU5geU