The company introduced a pension plan at the beginning of 2021. Past service costs were paid in full in the amount of $2 million. Current service costs for 2021 were $500,000 and were not funded in the year. Amounts funded were the only amounts included in pension expense (operating expense). The actual return on plan assets was 9% and the discount rate used 7% for the pension plan obligation, which is equivalent to the expected return on plan assets. Only funding is recognized by CRA as tax deductible. No benefits were paid because there were no retirees as of December 31, 2021.