The cost of equity using the discounted cash flow $($or dividend growth$)$ approach

Kirby Enterprises's stock is currently selling for $$45\mathrm{.}56$ per share, and the firm expects its per$-$share dividend to be $$2\mathrm{.}35$ in one year. Analysts project

the firm's growth rate to be constant at $5\mathrm{.}72\%.$ Estimating the cost of equity using the discounted cash flow $($or dividend growth$)$ approach, what is

Kirby's cost of internal equity?

$13\mathrm{.}60\%$

$14\mathrm{.}69\%$

$11\mathrm{.}42\%$

$10\mathrm{.}88\%$

Estimating growth rates

It is often difficult to estimate the expected future dividend growth rate for use in estimating the cost of existing equity using the DCF or DG approach.

In general, there are three available methods to generate such an estimate:

Carry forward a historical realized growth rate, and apply it to the future.

Locate and apply an expected future growth rate prepared and published by security analysts.

Use the retention growth model.

Suppose Kirby is currently distributing $45\%$ of its earnings in the form of cash dividends. It has also historically generated an average return on equity

$($ROE$)$ of $16\%.$ Kirby's estimated growth rate is

$\%.$