The cost of retained earnings

The cost of raising capital through retained earnings is

the cost of raising capital through issuing new common stock.

The cost of equity using the CAPM approach

The current risk$-$free rate of return $(r_{RF})$ is $3\mathrm{.}86\%$ while the market risk premium is $6\mathrm{.}17\%.$ The Jefferson Company has a beta of $0\mathrm{.}92.$ Using the

capital asset pricing model $($CAPM$)$ approach, Jefferson's cost of equity is

The cost of equity using the bond yield plus risk premium approach

The Adams Company is closely held and, therefore, cannot generate reliable inputs with which to use the CAPM method for estimating a company's

cost of internal equity. Adams's bonds yield $11\mathrm{.}52\%,$ and the firm's analysts estimate that the firm's risk premium on its stock over its bonds is $4\mathrm{.}95\%.$

Based on the bond$-$yield$-$plus$-$risk$-$premium approach, Adams's cost of internal equity is:

$20\mathrm{.}59\%$

$16\mathrm{.}47\%$

$18\mathrm{.}12\%$

$19\mathrm{.}76\%$