The country continues to face far-reaching environmental and economic fallout fmm the wide scale improper disposal of plastic across the island. It is an issue that has left Water and Housing Minister Dr Horace Chang hopping mad. 'The introduction of plastics to the society has been horrible. The plastic things that we perpetuate is a horrible pain," exclaimed Chang as he addressed a recent Gleaner Editors' Forum. 'I nd it a pain. In fact. ifl could avoid using anything plastic, I'd really do so." Chang added. 'It cost the beach owners in Montego Bay - from Aqua sol to the public beach, up to Doctor's Cave - billions of dollars to clean it up because of plastic bottles all over the place. That's what's killing us.\" said Chang. Earlier, Transport Minister Mike Henry told the Editors' Forum that the Port Authority of Jamaica had spent more than $300,000 to clean up Kingston Harbor in the wake of the ood rains associated with Tropical Storm Nicole. Local environmentalists have. for years, been involved in a battle to increase public awareness about the long-term impact of simple everyday actions such as the dumping of drink bottles. 'scandal' bags. and other forms of plastic. Safeguarding human health They have repeatedly warned that while the exibility of plastic makes it attractive as a packaging material, its durability demands that the disposal be carried out in a manner consistent with safeguarding human health and the environment. This is important because plastic never dies. It is not biodegradable, and so does not break down readily or melt away. Sadly. the evidence shows that Jamaicans are among those guilty of polluting the environment, with as much as 60 per cent of the garbage in the sea getting there via rivers and gullies. A large per cent of this waste is plastic. Some plastic containers carry food. beverages. oil. pesticides. and other hazardous material to the sea where marine life. in particular, sh and turtles. often die from ingesting 'soft' plastic such as bags, sacks, and cones. From eating the sh which survive the ingestion of these plastics, humans are exposed to the toxic effects of these pollutants. Birds which eat these sh and other marine life pass on the toxic effects to their young and the predators who prey on them - humans included. 3) Dene market failure and discuss using examples two {2) sources of market failure. {10 marks) bi) Identify the source(s) of market failure which is manifested in the article above. (2 marks) biitThe use of Plastic is very popular in modem day economy because of" its convenience. Discuss Tluee (3) methods the government can implement to reduce the effect of Plastic on our society. Justify these measures. (15 marks)