The Covid-19 pandemic has largely passed, but much uncertainty existed during 2021-2022, when vaccines were being rolled out. In retrospect, what could have been done differently and better in dealing with Covid-19 -- particularly, for the developing world (amid allegations of vaccine nationalism)? Make sure to apply the analytical tools in this Unit.

Post your thoughts on the Discussion Board.

Econ 661 Discussion Posts Show Assessment By: Criteria Original Posting Ratings 3 pts Excellent Same as Good, except the ideas and insights are of high quality in that they are critical, incorporate concepts from the readings, and synthesize the ideas into a coherent whole. They are also supported with examples, or references/cita tions. * 2 pts Good Demonstrates thorough familiarity with the reading(s), and interprets the content or objective accurately. Posts a discussion that addresses all aspects of the task. Ideas and insights are interesting, but tangential or not fully developed. Tinatin Mumladze W 1 pts 0 pts Acceptable Unacceptable Demonstrates Posts no some discussion familiarity with the reading(s), but does not have fully accurate information about the content or objective. Posts a discussion with superficial thought and preparation; does not address all aspects of the task. Follow- Up Postings 3 pts Excellent Demonstrates analysis of others' posts; extends meaningful discussion by building on previous posts. Asks questions or shows examples to extend the discussion further than the initial question. (Half credit given if only 1 follow- on posting is made) A @000 2 pts Good Elaborates on an existing posting with further comment or observation. Asks thoughtful questions to further the discussion. (Half credit given if only 1 follow-on posting is made) 1 pts Acceptable Posts shallow contribution to discussion (e.g., agrees or disagrees); does not enrich discussion. (Half credit given if only 1 follow-on posting is made) 0 pts Unacceptable Posts no comments on other people's discussions Figure 7. The global mortality distribution Share in cumulative global mortality, by income Reported COVID-19 deaths Estimated excess deaths 100% 86% 75% 55% 50% 45% 46% 41% 34% 25% 14% 13% 7% 1% 0% HIC UMIC LMIC LIC Developing World Source: Solstad (2021) through GitHub; JHU CSSE; World Population Prospects. Date: 2021-05-10. Note: Acronyms: high, upper-middle, lower-middle and low income countries. Excess mortality estimates are from The Economist's excess mortality model that fills data gaps with a machine learning algorithm using 121 indicators.\fCOVID-related fiscal support measures Low-income developing countries could afford less fiscal support than advanced and emerging economies. (in % of 2020 GDP, PPP GDP-Weighted) Other Sectors 7.9 Health Sector OHNWAUONOD 3.4 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.6 Advanced Economies Emerging Economies Low-Income Countries Source: Policy Responses to COVID-19 database (IMF). Note: Fiscal Support refers to above-the line or on-budget measures announced with a high likelihood of passage/implementation. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND